Pre-germinated brown rice reduced both blood glucose concentration and body weight in Vietnamese women with impaired glucose tolerance.

We have reported that newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Vietnam have a low body mass index (BMI) of around 23 and that the major factor for this is high white rice (WR) intake. Brown rice (BR) is known to be beneficial in the control of blood glucose levels; however, it has the property of unpleasant palatability. Pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) is slightly germinated by soaking BR in water as this reduces the hardness of BR and makes it easier to eat.

IGF-1 induction by acylated steryl β-glucosides found in a pre-germinated brown rice diet reduces oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Background: The pathology of diabetic neuropathy involves oxidative stress on pancreatic β-cells, and is related to decreased levels of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Acylated steryl β-glucoside (PR-ASG) found in pre-germiated brown rice is a bioactive substance exhibiting properties that enhance activity of homocysteine-thiolactonase (HTase), reducing oxidative stress in diabetic neuropathy. The biological importance of PR-ASG in pancreatic β-cells remains unknown.

Replacing white rice with pre-germinated brown rice mildly ameliorates hyperglycemia and imbalance of adipocytokine levels in type 2 diabetes model rats.

Pre-germinated brown rice (PR) has been developed industrially in order to enhance the nutritional functions of its source material, brown rice (BR). The present study was aimed at clarifying the effect of PR on the type 2 diabetes mellitus. We employed Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats as a model of type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Difructose anhydride III enhances bioavailability of water-insoluble iron in anemic Vietnamese women.

Difructose anhydride III (DFAIII) is an indigestible disaccharide and has been shown to enhance iron absorption in animal studies; however, the effect has not been investigated in anemic subjects. We investigated the efficacy of co-administration of DFAIII with water-insoluble iron in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in Vietnamese women. One hundred sixty-eight moderately anemic women (80 g/L View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Structural analysis of novel bioactive acylated steryl glucosides in pre-germinated brown rice bran.

Previous studies from our laboratory indicated that pre-germinated brown rice (PR) contained certain unknown bioactive lipids that activated two enzymes related to diabetes: Na+/K+ATPase and homocysteine-thiolactonase. In this paper, we report on the isolation and structural characterization of the activator lipids from PR bran as acylated steryl glucosides (ASGs). The activator lipid was isolated by silica gel column chromatography, and its chemical structure was determined by NMR, GC-MS, and tandem mass spectrometry.

Effects of pre-germinated brown rice on blood glucose and lipid levels in free-living patients with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes.

White rice (WR) is made by polishing brown rice (BR) and has lost various nutrients; however, most people prefer it to BR, maybe because of the hardness of BR. Pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) improves the problem of BR. It is made by soaking BR kernels in water to germinate and becomes softer than BR.

Ferulic acid attenuated cognitive deficits and increase in carbonyl proteins induced by buthionine-sulfoximine in mice.

beta-Amyloid peptide (Abeta), the major constituent of the senile plaques observed in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients, is cytotoxic to neurons and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Previous studies have suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the mechanisms of Abeta-induced neurotoxicity in vivo. Here, we used a mouse model of brain dysfunction induced by dl-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO: 3micromol/3microL/mouse, i.

Effect of pre-germinated brown rice intake on diabetic neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Background: To study the effects of a pre-germinated brown rice diet (PR) on diabetic neuropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods: The effects of a PR diet on diabetic neuropathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats were evaluated and compared with those fed brown rice (BR) or white rice (WR) diets with respect to the following parameters: blood-glucose level, motor-nerve conduction velocity (NCV), sciatic-nerve Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and serum homocysteine-thiolactonase (HTase) activity.

Results: Compared with diabetic rats fed BR or WR diets, those fed a PR diet demonstrated significantly lower blood-glucose levels (p < 0.

Effects of pre-germinated brown rice on depression-like behavior in mice.

We investigated the antidepressant-like effects of pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) and polished rice (PR) pellets, respectively, in comparison with control (AIN-93G) pellets in the forced swimming test and the learned helplessness paradigm in mice. Mice were fed respective pellets for 30 days. The immobility time on the 2nd day of the forced swimming test was shorter in mice fed with PR or PGBR pellets than in mice fed with control pellets.

Hypocholesterolemic action of pre-germinated brown rice in hepatoma-bearing rats.

The effect of pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) on cholesterol metabolism was studied in Donryu rats subcutaneously implanted with the ascites hepatoma cell line AH109A and compared with that of white rice (WR). The effect of brown rice (BR), the source of PGBR, was also studied. Hepatoma-bearing rats fed a WR diet exhibited hypercholesterolemia compared with normal rats fed the same diet.

Degradation of soluble proteins including some allergens in brown rice grains by endogenous proteolytic activity during germination and heat-processing.

The effect of germination and subsequent heat-processing on the degradation of soluble proteins, including some allergenic proteins, in brown rice grains was investigated. The content of soluble proteins, including 14-16-kDa and 26-kDa allergens, in the germinated and processed brown rice grains (GPR) was much lower than that of non-germinated brown rice. These proteins in brown rice grains were also much lower after subsequent heat-processing during the manufacturing process.

Postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses to pre-germinated brown rice in healthy subjects.

Effects of pre-germinated brown rice (PGBR) on postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations were compared with brown rice (BR) and white rice (WR) in two studies. In the first study, we investigated the time course of postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations after ingesting 25% (W/V) glucose solution, PGBR, BR or WR in 19 healthy young subjects. In the second study, dose-dependent effect of PGBR on the time course of postprandial blood glucose concentrations was compared among 4 different mixtures of PGBR and WR in 13 healthy young subjects.

Insoluble fiber is a major constituent responsible for lowering the post-prandial blood glucose concentration in the pre-germinated brown rice.

The intake of pre-germinated brown rice (PR) instead of white rice (WR) ameliorates the hyperglycemia. To clarify the mechanism(s) to decrease the post-prandial blood glucose concentration, the effect of water-soluble/oil-soluble fraction-depleted PR bran (termed as "DB"; which is destarched and defatted PR bran) on post-prandial blood glucose was compared with that of full-fat PR bran (PB) or WR. The test diets, WR diet, PB diet and DB diet which are containing identical amount of available carbohydrate (1.

Effects of pre-germinated brown rice on beta-amyloid protein-induced learning and memory deficits in mice.

We evaluated the effects of pre-germinated brown rice (hatsuga genmai, PGR) on learning and memory and compared them with those of polished rice or cornstarch. In mice that were fed pellets of polished rice or PGR for two weeks, the learning ability in the Morris water maze test was significantly enhanced compared with mice that were fed cornstarch pellets. In the Y-maze test, the intake of food pellets for two weeks failed to affect spontaneous alternation behavior.