Substantially increased risk of cancer in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiologic evidence in Japan.

Aims: Several meta-analyses have shown that diabetes mellitus affects the risk of certain site-specific cancers. However, a meta-analysis on the overall risk of cancer has not yet been performed.

Methods: We performed a search of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library for pertinent articles (including their references) that had been published as of June 10, 2010.

Association of weight change in different periods of adulthood with risk of type 2 diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study.

Background: Few studies have examined the impact of weight change in different periods of lifetime on type 2 diabetes risk, and the association of weight loss with type 2 diabetes is unclear. We prospectively investigated the association of weight change since age 20 y and that during middle-to-late adulthood with the incidence of type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Subjects were 52,014 men and women aged 45-75 y who participated in the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study and had no history of diabetes.

Fasting plasma glucose and 5-year incidence of diabetes in the JPHC diabetes study - suggestion for the threshold for impaired fasting glucose among Japanese.

To determine the optimal fasting plasma glucose (FPG) cut-off value which effectively identifies high risk subjects for type 2 diabetes in Japanese, we conducted a population-based prospective study on diabetes as part of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study and estimated the 5-year incidence of diabetes. The subjects of the analysis of this study were 2,207 Japanese aged 51-70 at baseline from whom a fasting blood sample was collected in both the baseline and the 5-year follow-up surveys and who completed the questionnaires at both times. Diabetes was defined as an FPG value > or = 126 mg/dL (7.

Autoimmune diabetes in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Context: Various autoimmune diseases, especially autoimmune thyroid disease, are known to occur in HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, no reports have described the development of autoimmune diabetes during HAART.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the clinical course of the development of autoantibodies and diabetes during HAART.

Relationship between periodontitis and diabetes - importance of a clinical study to prove the vicious cycle.

Periodontitis is regarded to have a close relationship to diabetes mellitus. In Japan, some cohort studies have indicated that there is a significant positive association of obesity plus metabolic syndrome with periodontal diseases. As such, an increasing number of studies suggest a relationship between periodontitis and diabetes, most of which are epidemiologic association.

Associations of visceral and subcutaneous fat areas with the prevalence of metabolic risk factor clustering in 6,292 Japanese individuals: the Hitachi Health Study.

Objective: We examined the relationships of visceral fat area (VFA), subcutaneous fat area, and waist circumference, determined using computed tomography (CT), and BMI with metabolic risk factors in a large Japanese population.

Research Design And Methods: Study subjects comprised 6,292 men and women who participated in the Hitachi Health Study and received CT examinations in 2007 and 2008.

Results: Regarding the clustering of metabolic risk factors, the odds ratios (ORs) for the VFA quintiles were 1.

Soy product and isoflavone intakes are associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes in overweight Japanese women.

Isoflavones have been shown to improve glucose metabolism, but epidemiologic data are limited. We prospectively investigated the relationship between soy product and isoflavone intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among Japanese adults. Participants were 25,872 men and 33,919 women aged 45-75 y, who participated in the second survey of the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study and had no history of diabetes.

Fasting plasma glucose and incidence of diabetes --- implication for the threshold for impaired fasting glucose: results from the population-based Omiya MA cohort study.

Aim: In 2003, the American Diabetes Association recommended that the threshold for diagnosing impaired fasting glucose (IFG) should be lowered from 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) to 5.6 mmol/L (100 mg/dL).

Decreased insulin secretion and accumulation of triglyceride in beta cells overexpressing a dominant-negative form of AMP-activated protein kinase.

Adenosine 5' -monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been implicated in the regulation of energy metabolism, although its role in the pancreatic beta cells remains unclear. In the present, we have overexpressed a dominant negative form of AMPKalpha1 subunit (Asp57Ala) tagged with c-myc epitope (AMPKalpha1-DN) in INS-1D cells with an adenoviral vector. After 48 h of adenoviral infection, overexpression of AMPKalpha1-DN in INS-1D cells was confirmed by Western blot analysis with anti-c-myc antibody.

Hemoglobin variant HbE found in two South Asian diabetic patients.

Glycohemoglobin, also known as hemoglobin (Hb) A(1c), is a marker of long-term glycemic control in patients with diabetes. We present two South-Asian diabetic patients whose HbA(1c) peaks were not measurable using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Further investigations showed that these patients were homozygous for a hemoglobin variant, HbE (beta26 Glu-->Lys).

Impact of metabolic factors on subsequent cancer risk: results from a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan.

The impact of metabolic factors, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, on total cancer risk has not been clarified. We prospectively examined whether metabolic factors and their aggregates predict the subsequent occurrence of total and major sites of cancer in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. A total of 27 724 participants (9548 men and 18 176 women) aged 40-69 years participating in a questionnaire and health checkup survey in 1993-1995 were followed for total cancer incidence through 2004.

Psychological factors, coffee and risk of diabetes mellitus among middle-aged Japanese: a population-based prospective study in the JPHC study cohort.

An association between psychological factors and diabetes has been suspected for a long time. However, epidemiological data on this association is limited. We investigated the association between psychological factors (perceived mental stress and type A behavior) and the onset of diabetes in a community-based, prospective cohort study in a large number of middle-aged Japanese adults.

Primary aldosteronism associated with severe rhabdomyolysis due to profound hypokalemia.

A 55-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital with severe weakness. Without measurement of serum electrolyte concentrations, diuretic therapy for hypertension was started 2 weeks prior to admission. Laboratory findings showed profound hypokalemia (1.

Metabolic factors and subsequent risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by hepatitis virus infection status: a large-scale population-based cohort study of Japanese men and women (JPHC Study Cohort II).

Objective: The association between metabolic factors and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been well clarified. We prospectively examined whether metabolic factors predicts the subsequent risk of HCC in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Cohort II, in consideration of hepatitis virus infection status.

Methods: A total of 17,590 subjects aged 40-69 participating in a questionnaire and health checkup survey during 1993-1994 were followed for incidence of HCC through 2006.

Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese: a systematic review.

Objective: To evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and the risk for type 2 diabetes (DM) in Japanese.

Methods: We searched the MEDLINE data base with the key words 'alcohol intake' (or 'alcohol consumption') and 'Japanese' cross-linked with 'diabetes mellitus' (or 'impaired glucose tolerance'). The reports we sought were restricted to prospective cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews.

Distribution of blood glucose and the correlation between blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels in diabetic outpatients.

Tight glycemic control is important for the prevention of microvascular complications in diabetic patients. We examined the reliability of using blood glucose levels measured at various time-points relative to a meal as an index of glycemic control in Japanese diabetic outpatients. Basic procedures followed: We examined the correlation between the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level; the one-hour (1-h), two-hour (2-h), and three-hour (3-h) post breakfast blood glucose (PBBG) levels, the 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h post lunch blood glucose (PLBG) levels and the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in Japanese diabetic outpatients.

Comparisons between anthropometric indices for predicting the metabolic syndrome in Japanese.

Aims: Most definitions of the metabolic syndrome (MS) employ waist circumference as an indicator of central obesity. However, several reports, mainly from Asia, argue that other indices, for example the waist/height ratio, are superior to waist circumference for identifying subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. We therefore investigated correlations between the predictive power of several anthropometric indices and risk factor accumulation (RFA) defined by the existence of two or more disorders among hypertension, dyslipidemia (high triglycerides and/or low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol) and fasting hyperglycemia; each of which is a component of MS.

A case of fulminant type 1 diabetes associated with significant elevation of mumps titers.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is classified as either autoimmune or idiopathic. Fulminant type 1 diabetes was originally reported as a subtype of idiopathic type 1 diabetes. Though involvement of viral infections has been suggested as a triggering mechanism, its pathogenesis remains unknown.

BMI nomogram [corrected].

I have devised a nomogram [corrected] that allows easy determination of a person's body mass index (BMI), i.e., by simply drawing a single line on the graph to connect the height and weight.

Role of IRS and PHIP on insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and distribution of IRS proteins.

To analyze the functional differences of the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) family, the N-terminal fragments containing the pleckstrin homology (PH) domains and the phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains of IRS (IRS-N) proteins, as well as intact IRS molecules, were expressed in Cos-1 cells, and insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and subcellular distribution of IRS proteins were analyzed. In contrast to the distinct affinities toward phosphoinositides, these IRS-N fragments non-selectively inhibited insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, IRS-2 and IRS-3, among which IRS3-N was most effective. The mutations of IRS-1 disrupting all the phosphoinositide-binding sites in both the PH and PTB domains significantly but not completely suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, which was further inhibited by coexpression of all the IRS-N proteins examined.

Use of insulin glargine in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the results of treatment with an insulin glargine-based regimen as compared with those of an NPH insulin-based regimen.

Methods: We reviewed the charts of 83 Japanese patients with Type 1 diabetes treated with insulin glargine for 12 months.

Patients: Median age, 56.