Assessing the Performance of Models from the 2022 RSNA Cervical Spine Fracture Detection Competition at a Level I Trauma Center.

Purpose To evaluate the performance of the top models from the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture Detection challenge on a clinical test dataset of both noncontrast and contrast-enhanced CT scans acquired at a level I trauma center. Materials and Methods Seven top-performing models in the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture Detection challenge were retrospectively evaluated on a clinical test set of 1828 CT scans (from 1829 series: 130 positive for fracture, 1699 negative for fracture; 1308 noncontrast, 521 contrast enhanced) from 1779 patients (mean age, 55.8 years ± 22.

Prevalence of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children with Urinary Tract Infection.

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is reported in 30%-50% of children affected by urinary tract infection (UTI). We aimed to investigate the frequency of VUR in children presenting with UTI and the changes in its prevalence from birth up to 18 years. This research was an observational retrospective study in the nephrology clinic of an academic tertiary hospital during 2003-2016.

Ectopic Intrathoracic Kidney Associated with Ipsilateral Ectopic Spleen and Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report.

Background: Intrathoracic kidney is the rarest form of an ectopic kidney that is usually accompanied by left congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) (Bochdalek hernia), the association of which with other anomalies is rare.

Case Presentation: Herein, we describe a case with a diagnosis of an intrathoracic kidney associated with the ectopic spleen and diaphragmatic hernia diagnosed during imaging studies for urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study reports an 11-month-old male case with a history of CDH and several episodes of UTIs.

Impact of Chronic Functional Constipation on Lower Urinary Tract System: A Cases - Control Study.

Introduction: Association of constipation with incomplete bladder emptying, functional bladder outlet un-coordination, urinary tract infection (UTI), and upper urinary tract dilatation has been reported. We designed a study to determine the impact of chronic functional constipation on kidney and bladder ultrasound parameters, the results of the uroflowmetry test, and its association with UTI.

Methods: The study group consisted of 24 cases and 48 controls, who were children between 5 to 18 years-old, from June 2017 to June 2018.

A Case of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections With Neurogenic Bladder Due to Spinal Tumors.

Neuroblastic tumors are the most common extracranial solid tumors in children. They are manifested by different clinical presentations ranging from cord compression symptoms to asymptomatic cases. A 2.

p53-independent Noxa induction by cisplatin is regulated by ATF3/ATF4 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells.

The platinum-based DNA damaging agent cisplatin is used as a standard therapy for locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the mechanisms underpinning the cytotoxic effects of this compound are not entirely elucidated. Cisplatin produces anticancer effects primarily via activation of the DNA damage response, followed by inducing BCL-2 family dependent mitochondrial apoptosis.

Venetoclax Is Effective in Small-Cell Lung Cancers with High BCL-2 Expression.

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an often-fatal neuroendocrine carcinoma usually presenting as extensive disease, carrying a 3% 5-year survival. Despite notable advances in SCLC genomics, new therapies remain elusive, largely due to a lack of druggable targets. We used a high-throughput drug screen to identify a venetoclax-sensitive SCLC subpopulation and validated the findings with multiple patient-derived xenografts of SCLC.

Cross-fused renal ectopia associated with vesicoureteral reflux; a case report.

Crossed renal ectopia is a rare urinary system anomaly which mostly is asymptomatic and is diagnosed incidentally. Urinary obstruction, infection, and neoplasia of the urinary system and nephrolithiasis are main complications of this anomaly. A 6-year-old boy admitted to the hospital with colicky abdominal pain and nausea.

High doses of oral folate and sublingual vitamin B12 in dialysis patients with hyperhomocysteinemia.

Introduction: Folic acid and vitamin B12, alone or in combination have been used to reduce homocysteine (Hcy) levels in dialysis patients.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the efficacy of high doses of oral folate and vitamin B12 in reducing plasma Hcy levels after a 12-week treatment.

Patients And Methods: Thirty-two dialysis patients aged 10-324 months screened for hyperhomocysteinuria.

Absolute and Relative Carnitine Deficiency in Patients on Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis.

Introduction: Carnitine deficiency is commonly seen in dialysis patients. This study assessed the association dialysis and pediatric patients' characteristics with plasma carnitines levels.

Materials And Methods: Plasma carnitine concentrations were measured by tandem mass spectrometry in 46 children on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

Comparison of combined treatment with desmopressin plus oxybutynin and desmopressin plus tolterodine in treatment of children with primary nocturnal enuresis.

Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis (enuresis) is one of the most common developmental problems of childhood, which has often a familial basis, causes mental and psychological damage to the child and disrupts family solace.

Objectives: In this study, we compared therapeutic effects of combination therapy of desmopressin plus oxybutynin with desmopressin plus tolterodine, in the treatment of children with primary nocturnal enuresis.

Patients And Methods: The present study is a clinical trial study, where 59 patients with primary nocturnal enuresis in the age range of 5 to 14 years old were selected from the visitors of nephrology clinic of Dr.

Urolithiasis in the First 2 Months of Life.

Introduction: There is limited data about urolithiasis in young infants. We reviewed clinical, imaging, and biochemical data of urolithiasis in the first 2 months of life.

Materials And Methods: In an 11-year period, 77 of the 1172 children diagnosed with urolithiasis (6.

Lower Urinary Tract Urological Abnormalities and Urodynamic Findings of Physiological Urinary Incontinence Versus Non-mono Symptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis in Children.

Background: Although 98% of children attain daytime bladder control by three years of age, urinary incontinence is regarded physiological up to the fifth year of life.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess whether lower urinary tract urological abnormalities and abnormal urodynamic findings are infrequent in children with physiological urinary incontinence in contrast to those with non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE).

Patients And Methods: During a three-year period (2007-2009), 66 neurologically normal children including 51 children (34 girls, 17 boys) older than five years of age with NMNE and intermittent daytime incontinence, and 15 children with physiological urinary incontinence (eight girls and seven boys) aged four to five years of age without any known urological abnormalities were enrolled in the study.

Pneumococcal sepsis, peritonitis, and cellulitis at the first episode of nephrotic syndrome.

Bacterial infections are common in patients with nephrotic syndrome, including peritonitis, sepsis, meningitis, urinary tract infection, and cellulitis. An 8-year-old boy presented with colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, swollen and painful erythematous lesions around the umbilicus and in anterior surface of left thigh (cellulitis), mild generalized edema, and ascites. The microorganism isolated from peritoneal fluid and blood cultures was Pneumococcus.

Comparison between patient dose arising from photofluorographic and standard fluoroscopic voiding cystourethro graphy in children with urinary tract infection [corrected].

Background: Imaging of the urinary system is considered to be responsible for significant radiation in children.

Objectives: This study was conducted to measure and compare the radiation dose in spot films with photofluorography voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in children.

Patients And Methods: 111 [222 Kidney Urinary Unit (KUU)] pediatric patients, aged 1 month to 5 years, with symptomatic urinary tract infection were enrolled in the study.

Association of nocturnal enuresis with vesicoureteral reflux and renal cortical damage.

Background: The prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is higher in enuretic children than in non-enuretic children. Recent studies have reported VUR in 6-23% of children with enuresis.

Objectives: To clarify the association of nocturnal enuresis with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and to identify children who are at risk for VUR.

Monosymptomatic and non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a clinical evaluation.

Background: Nocturnal enuresis is divided into monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) and non-monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NMNE). This study reviews clinical and ultrasonography (US) findings in enuretic children, and compares the organic and functional pathologies of the lower urinary tract (LUT) in children with MNE to those who have NMNE.

Methods: We enrolled 111 neurologically normal children with chief complaints of enuresis in this study.

Abnormal urodynamic findings in children with nocturnal enuresis.

Reduced nocturnal bladder capacity has been suggested in the pathogenesis of nocturnal enuresis. This study was conducted to define frequency of bladder dysfunction in enuretic children and determine parameters which might predict bladder dysfunction. 60 children were enrolled.

Role of high-dose hydrochlorothiazide in idiopathic hypercalciuric urolithiasis of childhood.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of hydrochlorothiazide in pediatric calculus formers with hypercalciuria and define possible factors affecting response to treatment.

Materials And Methods: Nineteen pediatric calculus formers, 12 girls and 7 boys, aged 15 days to 60 months, with idiopathic hypercalciuria received high-dose hydrochlorothiazide (1 mg/kg/d to 2 mg/kg/d) and citric acid-potassium citrate (1 mEq/kg/d) and were evaluated in a 2-year period. Avoiding high-salt diets was recommended throughout the study and increasing fluid intake was encouraged.

Metabolic factors associated with urinary calculi in children.

Introduction: We aimed to identify metabolic and anatomical abnormalities present in children with urinary calculi.

Materials And Methods: Metabolic evaluation was done in 142 pediatric calculus formers. Evaluation included serum biochemistry; measurement of daily excretion of urinary calcium, uric acid, oxalate, citrate, and magnesium (in older children); and measurement of calcium, uric acid, oxalate, and creatinine in random urine samples in nontoilet-trained patients.

Idiopathic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

This study was conducted to determine the prognostic value of some clinical, laboratory, histopathologic and therapeutic factors in 62 children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. There were no significant differences between the factors studied, except for severe interstitial fibrosis, which was more frequent in patients with chronic kidney disease (P=0.03).

Five cases of severe vesico-ureteric reflux in a family with an X-linked compatible trait.

Vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) is one the most common inherited disorder in humans. Even though this defect is common among siblings and parents of index patients (27-40%), the mode of inheritance is not well defined. Parents and siblings (three female and two male) of a 13-year-old girl with end-stage renal failure (ESRF) due to reflux nephropathy were screened for VUR although they had not presented episodes of urinary tract infection.

Alterations of peripheral leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein in febrile urinary tract infection.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of peripheral leukocyte count, differential leukocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) level in febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) for defining the UTI level.

Materials And Methods: A total of 61 children aged between 1 and 10 years with documented febrile UTI (axillary temperature > or = 38 degrees C) were studied. They had a urine culture positive for infection.