Chitosan-Electrospun Fibers Encapsulating Norfloxacin: The Impact on the Biochemical, Oxidative and Immunological Profile in a Rats Burn Model.

This study investigates the impact of chitosan-based nanofibers on burn wound healing in a rat model. Two formulations of chitosan nanofibers were prepared through electrospinning. The formulations were then incorporated with different amounts of norfloxacin and underwent surface modifications with 2-formylphenylboronic acid.

Biocompatible hydrogels based on quaternary ammonium salts of chitosan with high antimicrobial activity as biocidal agents for disinfection.

The paper reports new hydrogels based on quaternary ammonium salts of chitosan designed as biocidal products. The chitosan derivative was crosslinked with salicylaldehyde via reversible imine bonds and supramolecular self-assemble to give dynamic hydrogels which respond to environmental stimuli. The crosslinking mechanism was demonstrated by H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction and polarized light microscopy.

Unlocking the Potential: Semaglutide's Impact on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease in Animal Models.

Semaglutide (SEM), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has garnered increasing interest for its potential therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). This review provides a comprehensive description of SEM's mechanism of action and its effects in preclinical studies of these debilitating conditions. In animal models of AD, SEM has proved beneficial effects on multiple pathological hallmarks of the disease.

Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Categories and Achievement of Therapeutic Targets in European Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are more prone to experiencing severe cardiovascular (CV) events, often occurring at a younger age, due to a complex interplay of risk factors. T2DM diagnosis inherently classifies patients as belonging to a higher CV risk group. In light of the increased susceptibility to severe CV outcomes, our study aims to assess the distribution of CV risk categories and the attainment of therapeutic targets among Romanian patients diagnosed with T2DM.

Associations between Skin Autofluorescence Levels with Cardiovascular Risk and Diabetes Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) contribute to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVDs), making their non-invasive assessment through skin autofluorescence (SAF) increasingly important. This study aims to investigate the relationship between SAF levels, cardiovascular risk, and diabetic complications in T2DM patients. We conducted a single-center, cross-sectional study at Consultmed Hospital in Iasi, Romania, including 885 T2DM patients.

Anxiolytic-like Activity, Antioxidant Properties, and Facilitatory Effects on the Short-Term Memory Retention of Molsidomine in Rats.

Compelling evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) exerts a significant influence on the central nervous system, participates in the modulation of neurotransmitter release, contributes to the regulation of cognitive functions, and plays a crucial role in modulating various aspects of neural activity. We aimed to explore the influence of two NO donors, molsidomine (MSD) and V-pyrro/NO, on the innate spontaneous psychomotor abilities and short-term memory in rats. Using an actimeter test, the locomotor activity, stress-sensitive behavior, and anxiety level were investigated.

Chitosan Soft Matter Vesicles Loaded with Acetaminophen as Promising Systems for Modified Drug Release.

Our study was designed to acquire, characterize and evaluate the biocompatibility of novel lipid vesicles loaded with acetaminophen (APAP) and coated with chitosan (CS). We investigated the in vitro and in vivo drug release kinetics from these systems, and we conducted assessments for both in vitro hemocompatibility and in vivo biocompatibility. For the in vivo biocompatibility evaluation, the mice were randomly divided into four groups of six animals and were treated orally as follows: control group: 0.

Alginate-Based Hydrogels Enriched with Lavender Essential Oil: Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties, Antimicrobial Activity, and In Vivo Biocompatibility.

Owing to its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, in the last few years, lavender essential oil (LVO) has been used in medical applications as a promising approach for treating infected wounds. However, the practical applicability of LVO is limited by its high volatility and storage stability. This study aimed to develop a novel hybrid hydrogel by combining phytic acid (PA)-crosslinked sodium alginate (SA) and poly(itaconic anhydride-co-3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.

Biodegradable trimethyl chitosan nanofiber mats by electrospinning as bioabsorbable dressings for wound closure and healing.

The paper aimed to prepare quaternary chitosan-based nanofibers as bioabsorbable wound dressings. To this aim, fully biodegradable chitosan/N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan (TMC) nanofibers were designed and prepared via electrospinning, using poly(ethylene glycol) as sacrificial additive. The new biomaterials were structurally and morphologically characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and their properties required for wound dressings application were investigated and discussed in detail.

Mesoporous chitosan nanofibers loaded with norfloxacin and coated with phenylboronic acid perform as bioabsorbable active dressings to accelerate the healing of burn wounds.

The paper reports new chitosan-based nanofibers, designed to address the healing of burn wounds. To this aim, mesoporous chitosan fiber mats were prepared by electrospinning using poly(ethylene oxide) as sacrificial additive, followed by loading with norfloxacin and coating with an antifungal agent via dynamic imine bonds. Dynamic vapor sorption experiment proved intra-fiber mesopores around 2.

Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Novel Chitosan Lipid Micro-Systems for Modified Release of Diclofenac Sodium.

The purpose of our study was the obtaining, characterization and biocompatibility estimation of novel carrier systems for diclofenac. Diclofenac is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with frequent gastrointestinal side effects, impairing the quality of the patient's life. Original diclofenac-loaded micro-vesicles coated with chitosan were prepared and physico-chemical analyzed.

Enzymatically-Crosslinked Gelatin Hydrogels with Nanostructured Architecture and Self-Healing Performance for Potential Use as Wound Dressings.

Development of natural protein-based hydrogels with self-healing performance and tunable physical properties has attracted increased attention owing to their wide potential not only in the pharmaceutical field, but also in wounds management. This work reports the development of a versatile hydrogel based on enzymatically-crosslinked gelatin and nanogels loaded with amoxicillin (Amox), an antibiotic used in wound infections. The transglutaminase (TGase)-crosslinked hydrogels and encapsulating nanogels were formed rapidly through enzymatic crosslinking and self-assembly interactions in mild conditions.

New Hydrogels Based on Agarose/Phytagel and Peptides.

Short aromatic peptide derivatives, i.e., peptides or amino acids modified with aromatic groups, such as 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc), can self-assemble into extracellular matrix-like hydrogels due to their nanofibrillar architecture.

Zinc Chloride Enhances the Antioxidant Status, Improving the Functional and Structural Organic Disturbances in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats.

: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex disease affecting the whole metabolic balance of the body and resulting in multiple organ complications: cardiovascular, neuronal, renal, etc. Our study focuses on investigating the effect of zinc chloride (Zn) on certain blood parameters suggestive for assessing the metabolic disturbances, the liver and kidney function, the oxidative stress and the immune defense capacity in experimental-induced DM with streptozotocin (STZ) and cholesterol in rats. : The animals were assigned to three groups, as follows: Group 1 (Control): buffer citrate solution 0.

Magnesium Potentiates the Vortioxetine's Effects on Physical Performances and Biological Changes in Exercise-Induced Stress in Rats.

Vortioxetine (VRT) is a relatively new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant and serotonin receptor modulator, approved for the treatment of major depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Depression has been linked with psychomotor disengagement, oxidative stress burden and decreased blood levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In our study we performed the experimental investigation of VRT, magnesium and of their association on the rats' endurance capacity, motor behavior and blood biological disturbances in rats subjected to forced exercise in treadmill test.

Biocompatible drug delivery systems able to co-deliver antifungal and antiviral agents.

The present study reports the synthesis and characterization of 12 drug delivery systems (DDS) for the co-delivery of antifungal and antiviral agents. The systems were obtained by an in situ hydrogelation method of 6 chitosan oligomers with values of the polymerization degree between 14 and 51, with 2-formylphenylboronic acid, in the presence of tenofovir. The structural characterization by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of imine linkages, while WXRD revealed the 3D layered architecture of the systems.

Development of a new polymer network system carrier of essential oils.

The study presents the development of a new copolymacrolactone structure based on ethylene brassylate (EB) and squaric acid (SA) with different ratios between comonomers. The new system was tested as a network for essential oils encapsulation. The structure of the copolymers was confirmed by spectroscopic investigations and correlated in interdependence with the comonomers content.

Clinical Parameters Affecting the Therapeutic Efficacy of SGLT-2-Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Dapagliflozin and Empagliflozin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

(1) Background. We aimed to assess long-term efficacy and safety in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (T2DM) of two SGLT-2 inhibitors: empagliflozin (Empa) and dapagliflozin (Dapa), combined with metformin, other oral antidiabetics or insulin, according to the protocols in Romania. (2) Methods.

The Use of Chitosan-Coated Nanovesicles in Repairing Alcohol-Induced Damage of Liver Cells in Mice.

Background and Objectives In the past few decades, the studies concerning the natural polysaccharide chitosan have been centered on a new direction: its hepatoprotective action. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of previously designed chitosan lipid vesicles on the liver damage induced by alcohol consumption in mice. Materials and Methods The study involved the oral administration of substances in one daily dose as follows: Group 1 (control): water; Group 2 (control alcohol): 5% alcohol in water; Group 3 (CHIT): 0.

and Pulmonary Rehabilitation: From Novel Pharmacotherapeutic Approaches to Management of Post-Tuberculosis Sequelae.

Tuberculosis (TB) is still a worldwide public health burden, as more than 1.3 million deaths are expected to be reported in 2021. Even though almost 20 million patients have completed specific anti-TB treatment and survived in 2020, little information is known regarding their pulmonary sequelae, quality of life, and their need to follow rehabilitation services as researchers shifted towards proper diagnosis and treatment rather than analyzing post-disease development.

Novel Therapies for the Treatment of Drug-Induced Liver Injury: A Systematic Review.

Many drugs with different mechanisms of action and indications available on the market today are capable of inducing hepatotoxicity. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has been a treatment challenge nowadays as it was in the past. We searched Medline ( PubMed), CENTRAL, Science Citation Index Expanded, clinical trials registries and databases of DILI and hepatotoxicity up to 2021 for novel therapies for the management of adult patients with DILI based on the combination of three main search terms: 1) treatment, 2) novel, and 3) drug-induced liver injury.

Bioactive Collagen Hydrolysate-Chitosan/Essential Oil Electrospun Nanofibers Designed for Medical Wound Dressings.

In this study, lemon balm ( L.) and dill ( L.) essential oils (EOs) were encapsulated into collagen hydrolysates extracted from bovine tendons and rabbit skins, both mixed with chitosan (CS) by using the coaxial electrospinning technique for potential wound dressing applications.

Iminoboronate-chitooligosaccharides hydrogels with strong antimicrobial activity for biomedical applications.

The paper reports hydrogels prepared from chitooligosaccharides with different polymerization degrees (14 to 51), by crosslinking with 2-formylphenylboronicacid in three molar ratios of their functionalities. The structural, morphological and supramolecular characterization confirmed a hydrogelation mechanism based on self-assembling of newly formed imine units and porous morphology. Rheological measurements confirmed the formation of thixotropic hydrogels, and swelling tests indicated mass equilibrium swelling values up to 25 in water and 9 in phosphate buffer saline.