Endoscopic ultrasound-guided embolization of refractory splenic pseudoaneurysm.

Video 1EUS-guided embolization of splenic arterial pseudoaneurysm refractory to previous percutaneous transcatheter arterial embolizations.

Understanding the Basics of Commonly Used Wires in Interventional Radiology.

A wide variety of wires are available for use in interventional radiology, with wires demonstrating differences in construction, diameter, length, coating, shape, and taper. It is crucial to understand the difference in characteristics between these wires to select the most effective and safe wire for the intended purpose when undertaking a procedure. This article reviews the qualities and functions of different types of wires to aid in this decision-making process.

Corrigendum to "Enchondroma protuberans of the hand: A case report" [Radiology Case Reports 15 (2020) 943-946].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.

Enchondroma protuberans of the hand: A case report.

Enchondroma protuberans (EP) is a rare form of enchondroma which demonstrates exophytic growth outside the margins of the bony cortex. A previously healthy 18-year-old male presented with chronic painless palpable mass of the left third finger. Radiograph showed a well-circumscribed expansile lucent lesion in the middle phalanx of the left third finger.

Emergent Percutaneous Nephrostomy for Pyonephrosis: A Primer for the On-Call Interventional Radiologist.

Pyonephrosis is gross accumulation of pus within an obstructed renal collecting system that, if left untreated, can lead to potentially fatal septic shock. Treatment requires urgent decompression coupled with systemic antibiotics. Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) placement, first described in 1976 for the treatment of pyonephrosis, is now widely utilized for emergent decompression in these patients.

Emergent Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation in Acute Variceal Bleeding.

Emergent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation is most commonly employed in the setting of acute variceal hemorrhage. Given a propensity for decompensation, these patients often require a multidisciplinary, multimodal approach involving prompt diagnosis, pharmacologic therapy, and endoscopic intervention. While successful in the majority of cases, failure to medically control initial bleeding can prompt interventional radiology consultation for emergent portal decompression via TIPS creation.

Endovascular Treatment for Variceal Hemorrhage: TIPS, BRTO, and Combined Approaches.

Variceal hemorrhage is a feared complication of portal hypertension, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Optimal management requires a thoughtful, multidisciplinary approach. In cases of refractory or recurrent esophageal hemorrhage, endovascular approaches such as transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) have a well-defined role.

Retrievable IVC Filters: Comprehensive Review of Device-related Complications and Advanced Retrieval Techniques.

Use of retrievable inferior vena cava filters (RIVCFs) has grown exponentially since their introduction into clinical practice, but many of these devices are not retrieved. Some are not retrieved due to poor clinical follow-up, but other devices remain in situ for extended periods because they present significant technical challenges during retrieval. Because of these and other factors, many of these devices were thus left in place permanently.

The Role of Inferior Vena Cava Filters in Cancer Patients.

Cancer induces a hypercoagulable state and renders patients susceptible to venous thromboembolism. While anticoagulation remains the mainstay of treatment, many of these patients require placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter, often due to a contraindication to or failure of anticoagulation. In this article, the available data on IVC filter usage in cancer patients will be reviewed.

Characterization of the EZH2-MMSET histone methyltransferase regulatory axis in cancer.

Histone methyltransferases (HMTases), as chromatin modifiers, regulate the transcriptomic landscape in normal development as well in diseases such as cancer. Here, we molecularly order two HMTases, EZH2 and MMSET, that have established genetic links to oncogenesis. EZH2, which mediates histone H3K27 trimethylation and is associated with gene silencing, was shown to be coordinately expressed and function upstream of MMSET, which mediates H3K36 dimethylation and is associated with active transcription.

Genetic and epigenetic loss of microRNA-31 leads to feed-forward expression of EZH2 in melanoma.

MicroRNAs (miRs) play a key role in cancer etiology by coordinately repressing numerous target genes involved in cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The genomic region in chromosome 9p21 that encompasses miR-31 is frequently deleted in solid cancers including melanoma; however the expression and functional role of miR-31 has not been previously studied in melanoma. Here, we queried the expression status and performed functional characterization of miR-31 in melanoma tissues and cell lines.

Coordinated regulation of polycomb group complexes through microRNAs in cancer.

Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRC1 and PRC2)-mediated epigenetic regulation is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Members of Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins including EZH2, a PRC2 component, are upregulated in various cancer types, implicating their role in tumorigenesis. Here, we have identified several microRNAs (miRNAs) that are repressed by EZH2.