Renal-inferior vena cava fistula complicating laparoscopic cholecystectomy causing heart failure repaired endovascularly, a case report and literature review.

Introduction: Renal-caval Arterio-venous fistulas are rare entity which can be acquired, idiopathic or congenital. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy complicated by arteriovenous fistula formation is extremely rare and often go unnoticed. High output heart failure can occur as a consequence of such high flow fistulas.