A brief effective screening protocol for identifying cataract patients with binocular vision anomalies.

Background: To compare the effectiveness of a brief binocular vision screening protocol to a comprehensive examination for detecting binocular vision anomalies before and after cataract surgery.

Methods: A comprehensive binocular vision test battery as a gold standard were administered on recruited patients before the first surgery and at the third visit after surgery on the second eye. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to illustrate the diagnostic ability of each test.

Effect of office-based vergence and anti-suppression therapy on binocular vision and accommodation in small-to-moderate angle intermittent exotropia: A randomised clinical trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term (1 week after completion of treatment) effect of office-based vergence and anti-suppression therapy (OBVAT) on binocular vision and accommodative function when compared to observation alone in children with small-to-moderate angle intermittent exotropia (IXT).

Methods: In this single-masked (examiner masked), two-arm, single-centre randomised clinical trial, 40 participants, 6 to <18 years of age with untreated IXT were randomly assigned to OBVAT or observation alone. Participants assigned to therapy received 16 weeks of OBVAT (60 min per visit, once per week) with home reinforcement (15 min per day, 5 days a week).

Accommodative and Vergence Responses to a Moving Stimulus in Concussion.

Purpose: Concussed adolescents often report visual symptoms, especially for moving targets, but the mechanisms resulting in oculomotor deficits remain unclear. We objectively measured accommodative and vergence responses to a moving target in concussed adolescents and controls.

Methods: Thirty-two symptomatic concussed participants (mean age, 14.

Developmental eye movement test results of Hebrew-speaking children with cross-linguistic comparisons.

Introduction And Purpose: The developmental eye movement (DEM) test is designed to assess saccadic eye movements and visual-verbal automaticity in children. This study aimed to assess whether there is a need for independent DEM Hebrew norms and to compare DEM results for Hebrew-speaking children with eight other language norms.

Methods: The DEM test was administered to 224 Hebrew-speaking children aged 6-13 years who met the inclusion criteria and read the numbers in Hebrew.

From convergence insufficiency to functional reorganization: A longitudinal randomized controlled trial of treatment-induced connectivity plasticity.

Introduction: Convergence Insufficiency (CI) is the most prevalent oculomotor dysfunction of binocular vision that negatively impacts quality of life when performing visual near tasks. Decreased resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) is reported in the CI participants compared to binocularly normal control participants. Studies report that therapeutic interventions such as office-based vergence and accommodative therapy (OBVAT) can improve CI participants' clinical signs, visual symptoms, and task-related functional activity.

One-year follow-up of clinical convergence measures in children enrolled in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention and Reading Trial.

Purpose: To assess the long-term stability of clinical measures of convergence (near point of convergence [NPC] and positive fusional vergence [PFV]) in participants enrolled in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART) who received 16 weeks of office-based vergence/accommodative therapy.

Methods: A total of 310 children, 9-14 years old, with symptomatic convergence insufficiency were enrolled in CITT-ART. Some 270 completed both their 16-week primary outcome visit followed by a 1-year follow-up visit.

Divergence excess and basic exotropia types of intermittent exotropia: a major review. Part 2: non-surgical and surgical treatment options.

Introduction: Currently, there is no consensus regarding the management of intermittent exotropia (IXT), which includes both surgical and non-surgical treatment options. Nonsurgical management of IXT has been suggested and includes watchful observation, patching, overminus lenses, prism, and vision therapy/orthoptics. While a significant portion of IXT patients are treated by surgery, it is reported that there is a substantial tendency for reoperation or recurrence of IXT.

Effects of vision therapy on near exodeviation in children with convergence insufficiency treated during the convergence insufficiency treatment trials.

Purpose: To report the change in the magnitude of near exodeviation in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency successfully treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial-Attention and Reading Trial.

Methods: A total of 131 children 9-14 years of age with symptomatic convergence insufficiency classified as successfully treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy at the 16-week outcome visit were included. Masked examiners measured the near ocular deviation by the prism and alternate cover test at baseline, primary outcome and 1-year post-treatment.

Comparison of Visual Symptom Frequency and Occupational Issues Between Patients With and Without Concussion.

Importance: Occupational therapy practitioners' knowledge of and advocacy for clients with visual symptoms postconcussion can have a considerable impact on recovery.

Objective: To compare the frequency of vision symptoms and occupational performance deficits in a sample of participants with and without concussion.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Office-based vergence and anti-suppression therapy for the treatment of small-to-moderate angle intermittent exotropia: A randomised clinical trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term (1 week after completion of treatment) effect of office-based vergence and anti-suppression therapy (OBVAT) on the Office Control Score when compared to observation alone in children with small-to-moderate angle intermittent exotropia (IXT).

Methods: In this single-masked (examiner masked), two-arm, single-centre randomised clinical trial, 40 participants, 6 to <18 years of age with untreated IXT, were randomly assigned to OBVAT or observation alone. Participants assigned to therapy received 60 min of OBVAT with home reinforcement once per week for 16 weeks.

Ocular motor disorders in children and adults with mTBI: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Ocular motor function is susceptible to neurological injury because it requires a large portion of brain circuitry including every lobe of the brain, brainstem, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, cranial nerves and visual tracts. While reports of a high frequency of ocular motor dysfunctions after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) span multidisciplinary journals, there is no scoping review of the signs, diagnostic assessments and criteria, and appropriate management of ocular motor disorders post-mTBI. Post-mTBI ocular motor dysfunction has been reported to respond to active treatment.

Vision Quality of Life with Time Survey: Normative Data and Repeatability.

Purpose: To develop a novel Vision Quality of Life (QoL) survey that emphasizes the amount of time a visual activity can be performed before symptoms occur.

Methods: The Vision Quality of Life with Time (VisQuaL-T) survey was developed with 10 daily activities and a list of common visual symptoms. Participants were recruited from a university campus.

Divergence excess and basic exotropia types of intermittent exotropia: a major review. Part 1: prevalence, classification, risk factors, natural history and clinical characteristics.

Introduction: Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is a common form of strabismus. It is an outward deviation of one eye typically when viewing at distance. Symptoms include, but are not limited to double vision, eyes feeling tired, excessive blinking, and reduced quality of life.

The Feasibility of an Educational Cartoon Video for Improving Adherence with Amblyopia Treatment in Children.

Background: Previous studies have shown that it is necessary to evaluate adherence during the treatment process, using educational intervention methods which have been shown to improve adherence with patching treatment. A previous study reported that an educational cartoon had significantly improved adherence with patching. However, this black-white cartoon is not commercially available.

Comparing the directional effect of number calling on the developmental eye movement test results in Hebrew-speaking children.

Purpose: To evaluate the directional effect of number calling on the developmental eye movement (DEM) test in Hebrew-speaking children who read from right (R) to left (L). Previously, the DEM has been studied in nine languages, all read from L to R and has never been tested on Hebrew speakers.

Methods: Healthy Hebrew-speaking children, aged 6-13 years were divided into two age groups (6-9, 10-13 years).

Vergence/accommodative therapy for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children: Time course of improvements in convergence function.

Purpose: To evaluate the time course of improvements in clinical convergence measures for children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency treated with office-based vergence/accommodative therapy.

Methods: We evaluated convergence measures from 205, 9- to 14-year-old children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency randomised to office-based vergence/accommodative therapy in the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial - Attention and Reading Trial (CITT-ART). Near-point of convergence (NPC) and near-positive fusional vergence (PFV) were measured at baseline and after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of therapy; mean change in NPC and PFV between these time points were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance.

Cataract surgery is not associated with post-operative binocular vision anomalies in age-related cataract patients.

Purpose: To compare the binocular vision status of patients pre- and post-cataract surgery, and to investigate the risk factors for patients who develop binocular vision anomalies post-surgery.

Methods: A prospective study of patients (≥50 years) who elected to undergo bilateral cataract surgery was implemented. A comprehensive binocular vision test battery including stereopsis, ocular alignment, fusional vergence, vergence facility, near point of convergence and the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) was administered before the first surgery and at the third visit after surgery on the second eye.

OculoMotor Assessment Tool: Children Compared with Adults.

Purpose: To provide additional normative data for the OculoMotor Assessment Tool (OMAT) for horizontal and vertical saccades and vergence jumps and to compare the results of children to adults.

Methods: Participants with visual acuity of logMAR ≥0.0 (6/6) and Randot stereopsis of at least 250 sec of arc without binocular disorders were recruited.

Preoperative binocular vision characteristics in the age-related cataract population.

Background: This study is the first part of the "Binocular Vision Anomalies after Cataract Surgery" study that aimed to investigate the impact of cataract surgery on binocular vision status in adults with age-related cataract. This study aimed to investigate the preoperative binocular vision status of participants with age-related cataract.

Methods: Patients who elected to undergo bilateral cataract surgery (≥50 years of age) were recruited.

Reliability of step vergence method for assessing fusional vergence in intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of the step vergence method in measuring fusional vergence in subjects with intermittent exotropia.

Methods: Thirty-two Chinese participants aged 7-20 years with intermittent exotropia (excluding the convergence insufficiency type) were enrolled in this prospective study. At the eligibility screening, visual acuity, cover test and the Office Control Score were performed.

Does coexisting accommodative dysfunction impact clinical convergence measures, symptoms and treatment success for symptomatic convergence insufficiency in children?

Purpose: To determine whether coexisting accommodative dysfunction in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI) impacts presenting clinical convergence measures, symptoms and treatment success for CI.

Methods: Secondary data analyses of monocular accommodative amplitude (AA; push-up method), monocular accommodative facility (AF; ±2.00 D lens flippers) and symptoms (CI Symptom Survey [CISS]) in children with symptomatic CI from the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (N = 218) and CITT-Attention and Reading Trial (N = 302) were conducted.

Convergence Insufficiency Neuro-Mechanism Adult Population Study: Phoria Adaptation Results.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare changes in phoria adaptation between young adult binocularly normal controls (BNCs) and participants with symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI), who were randomized to either office-based vergence accommodative therapy (OBVAT) or office-based placebo therapy (OBPT).

Methods: In the double-masked randomized clinical trial, 50 BNC and 50 CI participants were randomized to the following therapeutic interventions: OBVAT or OBPT with home reinforcement for 12 one-hour office sessions. A 6∆ base-out and 6∆ base-in phoria adaptation experiment at near (40 cm) was conducted using the flashed Maddox rod technique at baseline and at outcome.