Sensitivity of in Tennessee and North Carolina to Mefenoxam, Oxathiapiprolin, Mandipropamid, and Fluopicolide.

causes devastating disease in a range of hosts, including tobacco ( L.), tomato, citrus, strawberry, and numerous ornamentals. Black shank, caused by , is the most economically important disease to tobacco production in Tennessee and North Carolina.

Maleic hydrazide elicits global transcriptomic changes in chemically topped tobacco to influence shoot bud development.

Transcriptomic analysis revealed maleic hydrazide suppresses apical and axillary bud development by altering the expression of genes related to meristem development, cell division, DNA replication, DNA damage and recombination, and phytohormone signaling. Topping (removal of apical buds) is a common agricultural practice for some crop plants including cotton, cannabis, and tobacco. Maleic hydrazide (MH) is a systemic suckercide, a chemical that inhibits shoot bud growth, used to control the growth of apical (ApB) and axillary buds (AxB) following topping.

Liberation of recalcitrant cell wall sugars from oak barrels into bourbon whiskey during aging.

Oak barrels have been used by humans for thousands of years to store and transport valuable materials. Early settlers of the United States in Kentucky began charring the interior of new white oak barrels prior to aging distillate to create the distinctively flavored spirit we know as bourbon whiskey. Despite the unique flavor and cultural significance of "America's Spirit", little is known about the wood-distillate interaction that shapes bourbon whiskey.