Treatment, Survival, and Demographics in Temporal Bone Malignancies: A Pooled Data Analysis.

Temporal bone malignancies are relatively uncommon tumors. Their location adjacent to vital structures such as the carotid artery, jugular vein, otic capsule, and temporal lobe can make their treatment potentially challenging. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes in temporal bone malignancies obtained via pooled literature data.

An Analysis of Biologic Therapies in Patients With Asthma and Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Background Asthma, Allergic rhinitis (AR), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Eczema, and Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Sinonasal Polyposis (CRSwNP) are illnesses often characterized by type 2 (T2) inflammation, wherein T helper (Th) cells release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL (interleukin)-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13. This response may also promote the production of IgE and an increase in/activation of serum eosinophils. In the aforementioned type 2 inflammatory diseases, this immune response can cause excess mucous production, inflammation of the airways, other atopic responses when patients are exposed to certain environmental allergic triggers.

Olfactory Radioanatomical Findings in Patients With Cardiac Arrhythmias, COVID-19, and Healthy Controls.

Background Clinical hyposmia and anosmia are commonly seen, most frequently with either post-inflammatory, age-related, or idiopathic causes being most frequent. Actual anatomical abnormalities of the olfactory groove or olfactory bulb are far less common. A recent case report showing a possible link between congenital olfactory bulb agenesis and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome suggested that there may be a relationship between cardiac arrhythmia and olfactory bulb development.

Association of olfactory neuropathy spectrum disorder and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: A Report of a case.

Olfactory neuropathy spectrum disorder is characterized by hyposmia or anosmia and hypoplastic or absent olfactory bulbs. There may be an association between olfactory neuropathy spectrum disorder and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

Lemierre Syndrome: A Meta-analysis.

 Lemierre syndrome, or postpharyngitis anaerobic sepsis, is an infrequent but life-threatening infection that often involves thrombosis of the internal jugular vein. The role of anticoagulation in addition to antibiotics and surgical treatment remains uncertain.  1) To perform a meta-analysis on outcomes and treatment of Lemierre syndrome; and 2) to evaluate the effect of anticoagulation in Lemierre syndrome on vessel recanalization and on mortality.

Comparing Kadish and Modified Dulguerov Staging Systems for Olfactory Neuroblastoma: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare the Kadish and the modified Dulguerov staging of individual participants to determine the impact of stage and other prognostic factors on disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

Data Sources: Systematic review of EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases.

Review Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) was followed for this study.

The supraseptal ethmoid sinus cell: A previously unreported ethmoid sinus variant.

To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case in the literature of a supraseptal ethmoid sinus cell, located between the nasal septum and ethmoid roof. Such a cell, while rare, should be recognized and dissected carefully to prevent skull base injury and cerebrospinal fluid leak.

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma: a population-based survival analysis.

Background: Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm seen most frequently in the salivary glands, representing approximately 1 to 2% of salivary gland tumors. Less than 600 cases have been reported in the literature since its initial description in 1972. The aim of this study was to examine demographic, site, stage, and survival factors in patients with epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma.

Odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: While odontogenic soft tissue infections of the head and neck are common, progression to necrotizing fasciitis is relatively rare. Necrotizing fasciitis is a potentially life-threatening and rapidly progressive soft tissue infection that can lead to significant skin and soft tissue loss, mediastinitis, vascular thrombosis or rupture, limb loss, organ failure, and death.

Methods: A PubMed literature search was conducted for case reports and case series on odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis.

Survival in sinonasal and middle ear malignancies: a population-based study using the SEER 1973-2015 database.

Background: The sinuses, nasal cavity, and middle ear represent a rarer location of head and neck malignancy than more common sites such as the larynx and oral cavity. Population-based studies are a useful tool to study the demographic and treatment factors affecting survival in these malignancies.

Methods: Population-based database search of the Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 1973 to 2015 for malignancies involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and middle ear.

Treatment, outcomes, and demographics in sinonasal sarcoma: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: Sarcomas comprise a diverse group of soft tissue mesenchymal malignancies. The sinuses and nasal region are a relatively rare site of sarcomas.

Methods: Retrospective review of the literature on sinonasal sarcomas from 1987-2017.

Endoscopic repair of lateral sphenoid Encephaloceles: a case series.

Background: Lateral sphenoid encephaloceles present a surgical challenge. These encephaloceles may be difficult to access given their lateral location and proximity to the neural and vascular structures of the sphenoid floor, pterygopalatine fossa, and lateral and superior sphenoid walls. Additionally, many patients have idiopathic intracranial hypertension, increasing the risk of recurrence.

Orbital pseudotumor as a result of chronic sinusitis in an HIV-positive patient.

Orbital inflammatory pseudotumor is an infrequent lesion that may mimic malignancy and may be associated with autoimmune disease. Orbital pseudotumor is in the differential in any patient with an orbital mass, especially in the setting of chronic infection or immunosuppression. This HIV-positive patient presented with chronic sinusitis and orbital pseudotumor.

Post-operative budesonide irrigations for patients with polyposis: a blinded, randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare normal saline (NS) vs. NS+budesonide irrigations in post- functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis (CRSwNP). Currently, no evidence exists for NS+budesonide irrigation over NS irrigation alone.

Survival in Sinonasal Melanoma: A Meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: Sinonasal melanoma is an uncommon tumor which carries a poor prognosis and high rates of local and regional recurrence and distant metastasis. While surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment, the utility of multimodality therapy has not been well studied or established. We sought to better evaluate the optimal treatment modality for sinonasal melanoma.

Beyond the "central sinus": radiographic findings in patients undergoing revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Background: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is widely used by otolaryngologists to treat chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The sinonasal anatomy and pathology found in patients with CRS varies widely, as does the FESS technique practiced by otolaryngologists. Variations in the completeness of cell group dissection, combined with the technical challenge of angled endoscopy, result in a wide variation of the post-FESS cavities harboring persistent disease.

Evidence-based practice: endoscopic skull base resection for malignancy.

Successful outcomes of endoscopic approaches to benign sinonasal tumors have launched interest in expanding its use for sinonasal malignancy. Because of the heterogeneity and rarity of sinonasal malignancy, evidence for clinical outcomes of endoscopic approaches versus traditional craniofacial resection is low. Using the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine guidelines, we present the existing evidence comparing both techniques for a variety of sinonasal malignancies.

Cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex.

The traditional approaches to symptomatic cholesterol granuloma (CG), the most common benign pathologic lesion of the petrous apex, have historically been transotic, including middle fossa, translabyrinthine, retrocochlear, or infra- or retrolabyrinthine approaches. These approaches were often fraught with risk to the vestibular or cochlear apparatus, the need for brain retraction, or lack of a natural drainage pathway after marsupialization of the granuloma. This article reviews the literature on the transnasal approach to petrous apex CGs, including medial, medial with carotid medialization, and transpterygoid approaches.

Salvage Treatment of Local Recurrence in Esthesioneuroblastoma: A Meta-analysis.

Esthesioneuroblastoma has a local recurrence rate of ∼30%, but no standard regimen for salvage of local recurrence has been established. We report data from 678 patients from series published since 1990, with a risk reduction analysis of salvage with surgery, radiation, or combined surgery and radiation therapy. We found a 28.

Contracture related airway obstruction (CRAO) treated successfully with incisional release.

Objective: To describe the delayed airway obstruction that can result from anterior cervical burns and report a case of successful decannulation following incisional release and full-thickness skin grafting (FTSG).

Methods: Case report from a tertiary care academic children's hospital.

Results: Direct laryngoscopy demonstrates a significant improvement in the upper airway immediately following an anterior cervical incisional release.

When, how and why to treat the neck in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma: a review.

Esthesioneuroblastoma is an uncommon tumor that presents in the sinonasal cavity and anterior skull base. Cervical metastases are not frequently found on initial presentation but eventually occur in 20-25% of these patients. This presents the treating physician with the difficult decision as to how and when to treat the neck in this disease.

Salvage treatment of late neck metastasis in esthesioneuroblastoma: a meta-analysis.

Objective: Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is an uncommon tumor of the sinonasal region with a 20% rate of neck metastases. To our knowledge, the rate of neck metastases occurring 6 or more months after diagnosis has not been well characterized. The rate of successful salvage of these late neck metastases, defined in this study as disease-free survival for at least 1 year, has not been previously reported.

Formation of an airway foreign body during removal of a metal tracheostomy tube: a case report.

Tracheostomy tube changes are often performed in the clinic or at the bedside without complication. We report a case in which the removal of a long-term metal tube in a clinic setting was complicated by the presence of fibrinous debris on the tube. The debris had accumulated over a period of at least 3 years.

Detection of attomole quantities [correction of quantitites] of DNA targets on gold microelectrodes by electrocatalytic nucleobase oxidation.

The electrochemical detection of nucleic acid targets at low concentrations has a number of applications in diagnostics and pharmaceutical research. Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiol-derivatized oligonucleotides on gold electrodes provide a useful platform for such detectors, and the electrocatalytic oxidation of nucleobases included in the DNA targets is a particularly sensitive method of electrochemical detection. A strategy has been developed for combining these two aspects by substituting either 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8G) or 5-aminouridine (5U) into DNA targets.