Subtotal Petrosectomy and Cochlear Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Subtotal petrosectomy (STP) has been more frequently performed to prepare ears with unfavorable conditions for cochlear implantation.

Objectives: To provide an overview of indications for and complications of STP and cochlear implantation and to compare outcomes between single vs multistage procedures and between pediatric vs adult populations.

Data Sources: A search of PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library was performed from the databases' inception to January 23, 2020, for studies evaluating STP for cochlear implantation.

Using Intraoperative Recordings to Evaluate Surgical Technique and Performance in Mastoidectomy.

Importance: Otolaryngology residency programs currently lack rigorous methods for assessing surgical skill and often rely on biased tools of evaluation.

Objectives: To evaluate which techniques used in mastoidectomy can serve as indicators of surgeon level (defined as the level of training) and whether these determinations of technique can be made based solely on the movement of the drill head or suction.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this prospective, observational study conducted from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, at a single tertiary care institution, 3 independent observers made blinded evaluations on 24 intraoperative recordings of surgeons (6 junior residents, 4 senior residents, and 2 attending surgeons) performing mastoidectomies.

Subjective vs Computerized Assessment of Surgeon Skill Level During Mastoidectomy.

This pilot study examines the use of surgical instrument tracking and motion analysis in objectively measuring surgical performance. Accuracy of objective measures in distinguishing between surgeons of different levels was compared to that of subjective assessments. Twenty-four intraoperative video clips of mastoidectomies performed by junior residents (n = 12), senior residents (n = 8), and faculty (n = 4) were sent to otolaryngology programs via survey, yielding 708 subjective ratings of surgical experience level.

The Incidence and Characterization of Globus Sensation, Dysphagia, and Odynophagia Following Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Study Objectives: To determine the incidence, duration, and predictors of swallowing-related symptoms following upper airway surgery for obstructive sleep apnea.

Methods: Adults (age 18 years or older) who underwent surgery for obstructive sleep apnea at a tertiary care institution from January 2012 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence, duration, and associated factors of postoperative swallowing complaints were evaluated.

Prevalence of Hearing Loss in Teachers of Singing and Voice Students.

Objectives: Singers and voice teachers are exposed to a range of noise levels during a normal working day. This study aimed to assess the hearing thresholds in a large sample of generally healthy professional voice teachers and voice students to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in this population.

Study Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out.

Effect of cortical cooling on interictal epileptiform activities.

Objective: To determine if applying chilled solution to exposed cerebral cortex can reduce interictal epileptiform activities in patients during surgery.

Methods: Electrocorticography was used to record the epileptiform activity of 12 patients (ages 18-53) undergoing cortical mapping and resection surgery. Interictal spikes were counted at baseline and compared with spikes after applying room temperature and chilled Lactated Ringer's or normal saline solution.

UniSpacer arthroplasty of the knee.

Background: The operative treatment of medial compartment knee arthritis is controversial. The purpose of the present study was to report the experience of a single surgeon with the UniSpacer arthroplasty for the treatment of isolated medial compartment arthritis of the knee.

Methods: From April 2002 through November 2002, thirty-seven UniSpacer arthroplasties were performed in thirty-four patients for the treatment of arthritis that primarily involved the medial compartment of the knee.

A survey evaluating the beliefs of radiology residency program directors regarding incorporation of numeric standards into accreditation standards.

Rationale And Objectives: Numeric standards do not exist for the evaluation and comparison of radiology resident education. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has recently proposed the evaluation and assessment of residents by using numeric values for films read in various radiology modalities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate radiology residency program directors' perceived need for numeric standards for radiology residency programs.

In vitro kinematic patterns are similar for a fixed platform and a mobile bearing prosthesis.

In vitro dynamic simulation of knee flexion was performed to quantify knee kinematics for a mobile bearing prosthesis that allows the tibial insert to translate and rotate with respect to the baseplate. Six cadaver knees were tested in the intact state, after implanting a fixed platform prosthesis, and after implanting a mobile bearing prosthesis. The mobile bearing prosthesis significantly increased the tibial internal rotation and medial shift compared with the intact knee, near 90 degrees of flexion.