Core Body Temperatures in Intermittent Sports: A Systematic Review.

Background: Hyperthermia (and associated health and performance implications) can be a significant problem for athletes and teams involved in intermittent sports. Quantifying the highest thermal strain (i.e.

Hierarchical domain structures associated with oxygen octahedra tilting patterns in lead-free (BiNa)TiO.

Hierarchical domain structures associated with oxygen octahedra tilting patterns were observed in lead-free (BiNa)TiOceramics using aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Three types of domains are induced by distinct mechanisms: the 'orientation-domain' is induced at micrometer scale formed by different tilting orientations of the oxygen octahedra, the 'meso-chemical-domain' occurs at a few tens of nanometer scale by chemical composition variation on the A-site in the ABOperovskite structure, and the 'nano-cluster-region' runs across several unit-cells with apparent A-site cation segregation with oxygen vacancies clustering around Na cations. Based on HRTEM amplitude contrast imaging (ACI), the correlation between the oxygen octahedral tilting pattern and compositional non-stoichiometry was established.

Limiting Rise in Heat Load With an Ice Vest During Elite Female Rugby Sevens Warm-Ups.

Purpose: To determine the effect of wearing a phase-change cooling vest in elite female rugby sevens athletes during (1) a simulated match-day warm-up in hot conditions prior to a training session and (2) a prematch warm-up during a tournament in cool conditions.

Methods: This study consisted of 2 randomized independent group designs (separated by 16 d) where athletes completed the same 23- to 25-minute match-day warm-up (1) in hot conditions (range = 28.0°C to 35.

Additional Clothing Increases Heat Load in Elite Female Rugby Sevens Players.

Purpose: To determine whether elite female rugby sevens players are exposed to core temperatures (Tc) during training in the heat that replicate the temperate match demands previously reported and to investigate whether additional clothing worn during a hot training session meaningfully increases the heat load experienced.

Methods: A randomized parallel-group study design was employed, with all players completing the same approximately 70-minute training session (27.5°C-34.

Changes in Core Temperature During an Elite Female Rugby Sevens Tournament.

Purpose: To characterize player core temperature (Tc) across a World Rugby Women's Sevens Series tournament day (WRWSS) and determine the efficacy of commonly employed cold-water-immersion (CWI) protocols.

Methods: Tc was measured in 12 elite female rugby sevens athletes across 3 games (G1-3) from day 1 of the Sydney WRWSS tournament. Symptoms of exertional heat illness, perceptual scales, CWI details, playing minutes, external-load data (measured by global positioning systems), and wet-bulb globe temperature (range 18.

Individual Factors Affecting Rugby Sevens Match Performance.

To examine the collective independent influence of a range of individual characteristics on physical and technical match performance during international rugby sevens matches. Data were collected from 20 international rugby sevens players from 1 team across 1 season. Activity profiles were measured using wearable microtechnology devices, and technical performance measures were collected from match video analysis.