Anti-NOGO Antibody Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of NAION.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of anti-NOGO receptor monoclonal antibody 11C7mAb in a rat model of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION).

Methods: The rNAION was induced in one eye of 20 Long-Evans rats, which were studied in 10 groups of two rats, each group containing a sham rat receiving intravitreal injections of vehicle and a treatment rat receiving intravitreal injections of 11C7mAb. Fellow eyes served as naïve controls.

Enhancing Risk Assessment in Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy by Combining Measures of Retinal Function and Structure.

Purpose: To determine whether combining measures of retinal structure and function predicts need for intervention for diabetic retinopathy (DR) better than either modality alone.

Methods: The study sample consisted of 279 diabetic patients who participated in an earlier cross-sectional study. Patients were excluded if they were previously treated for macular edema or proliferative DR or if they had other retinopathies.

ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2015 update).

This document, from the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV), presents an updated and revised ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (ffERG or simply ERG). The parameters for Standard flash stimuli have been revised to accommodate a variety of light sources including gas discharge lamps and light emitting diodes. This ISCEV Standard for clinical ERGs specifies six responses based on the adaptation state of the eye and the flash strength: (1) Dark-adapted 0.

Twelve-month natural history of dark adaptation in patients with AMD.

Purpose: A sensitive endpoint is required for clinical trials evaluating preventative therapies for early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Dark adaptation (DA) is a sensitive marker of AMD and has been proposed as a potential endpoint. This study evaluated whether significant changes in DA speed could be detected in participants with early to intermediate AMD at 12 months following baseline DA measurement.

ISCEV standard for clinical pattern electroretinography (PERG): 2012 update.

The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) is a retinal response evoked by a contrast-reversing pattern, usually a black and white checkerboard, which provides information about macular and retinal ganglion cell function. This document from the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (www.iscev.

ISCEV standard for clinical electro-oculography (2010 update).

The clinical electro-oculogram (EOG) is an electrophysiological test of function of the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in which changes in electrical potential across the RPE are recorded during successive periods of dark and light adaptation. This document presents the 2010 EOG Standard from the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV: www.iscev.

Is reduced ornithine-δ-aminotransferase activity the cause of vigabatrin-associated visual field defects?

Background: A gabaergic antiepileptic drug, vigabatrin (VGB), is known to induce bilateral concentric visual field defects (VFD) in 30-40% of treated patients. Although the clinical and electrophysiological features of VFDs are well documented, the mechanism of retinal toxicity is still unclear.

Purpose: To determine if low basal ornithine-δ-aminotranspherase (OAT) activity is implicated in the etiology of VGB retinotoxicity, resulting in a phenotype of a mild form of gyrate atrophy.

ISCEV standard for clinical pattern electroretinography--2007 update.

The pattern electroretinogram (PERG) is a retinal response evoked by viewing a temporally alternating pattern, usually a black and white checkerboard or grating. The PERG is important in clinical and research applications because it provides information both about retinal ganglion cell function and, because the stimulus is customarily viewed with central fixation, the function of the macula. The PERG can therefore facilitate interpretation of an abnormal pattern VEP by revealing the retinal responses to a similar stimulus to that used for the VEP.

Quality-controlled measurement methods for quantification of variations in transcript abundance in whole blood samples from healthy volunteers.

Background: Transcript abundance (TA) measurement in whole blood frequently is conducted to identify potential biomarkers for disease risk and to predict or monitor drug response. Potential biomarkers discovered in this way must be validated by quantitative technology. In this study we assessed the use of standardized reverse transcription PCR (StaRT-PCR) to validate potential biomarkers discovered through whole blood TA profiling.

Recommendations for a toxicological screening ERG procedure in laboratory animals.

Electroretinography, using laboratory animals, is a commonly used technique for determining the retinal toxicity of chemical agents. In this paper, guidelines for performing this test are provided. The physiologic basis for visual testing is presented with attention to inter-species differences.

Extraction and modeling of the Oscillatory Potential: signal conditioning to obtain minimally corrupted Oscillatory Potentials.

A method of extracting a temporally bounded component of a composite signal has been developed which minimizes data corruption in signal processing. The composite signal is windowed in the time domain, padding signals are attached, and finally, the conditioned signal is filtered to extract the component of interest. The method has been utilized to extract the Oscillatory Potential (OP) from the Electroretinogram (ERG).