Genome-wide meta-analyses of non-response to antidepressants identify novel loci and potential drugs.

Antidepressants exhibit a considerable variation in efficacy, and increasing evidence suggests that individual genetics contribute to antidepressant treatment response. Here, we combined data on antidepressant non-response measured using rating scales for depressive symptoms, questionnaires of treatment effect, and data from electronic health records, to increase statistical power to detect genomic loci associated with non-response to antidepressants in a total sample of 135,471 individuals prescribed antidepressants (25,255 non-responders and 110,216 responders). We performed genome-wide association meta-analyses, genetic correlation analyses, leave-one-out polygenic prediction, and bioinformatics analyses for genetically informed drug prioritization.

Commissioning health services for First Nations, regional, and remote populations: a scoping review.

Background: Commissioning for health services has been implemented as one approach to improve the quality and access to healthcare for First Nations, regional and remote populations. This review systematically scoped the literature for studies that described or evaluated the governance, funding, implementation and outcomes from health service commissioning targeting these groups in Canada, Australia, Aotearoa/New Zealand and the United States (CANZUS nations).

Methods: Seventeen databases were searched for relevant peer reviewed and grey literature studies published in English from 2010 to 2023.

Percutaneous coronary intervention during the shortage of iodinated contrast.

Objectives: A recent coronavirus-related factory shutdown led to a global shortage of iodinated contrast. The authors evaluated how the contrast shortage impacted percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).

Methods: Using a statewide database incorporating CathPCI registry data from 19 hospitals, the authors evaluated 2 time periods: pre-shortage (May 1, 2021 - April 30, 2022) and during the shortage (May 1, 2022 - October 31, 2022).

Adherence to Life's Essential 8 is associated with delayed white matter aging.

Importance: The American Heart Association introduced Life's Essential 8 (LE8) as a checklist of healthy lifestyle factors to help older individuals maintain and improve cardiovascular health and live longer. How LE8 can foster healthy brain aging and interact with genetic risk factors to render the aging brain less vulnerable to dementia is not well understood.

Objective: To investigate the impact of LE8 on the white matter brain aging and the moderating effects of the allele.

Qualitative Bereavement Experiences and Support in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Scoping Review.

This scoping review examines qualitative studies on bereavement experiences and support mechanisms for community-dwelling older adults. This area of research is especially timely given rapid population aging and the interplay of heightened vulnerability, cumulative losses, shrinking support systems, and the critical need for bereavement support. Such support not only acts as a preventative health measure but can also serve as a catalyst for fostering meaning-making and navigating grief in later life.

Trauma-informed family carer education and practical skills training in dementia: a systematic scoping review protocol.

Introduction: The incurable and progressive nature of dementia requires complex care, the majority of which is provided via informal caring by family members within the family home. Carers experience significant stress absorbing the challenging care needs of their family member and require education and training that can support and sustain family caring arrangements while considering the psychological distress that threatens caring breakdown. The aim of this scoping review was to map the evidence of trauma-informed principles within education and practical skills training in dementia family caring.

Polygenic risk scores and help-seeking behaviour in young people with recent onset of mood and psychotic disorders.

Objectives: We examined associations between polygenic risk scores (PRS) for depression (PRS-MDD), psychosis (PRS-SCZ), bipolar disorders (PRS-BD) and neuroticism (PRS-NEU) and (i) help-seeking, and (ii) new onset cases of full-threshold mood or psychotic disorders in youth.

Methods: Help-seeking for mental health problems was assessed by self-report and mood and psychotic disorders were identified using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. A principal component analysis of the four selected PRS identified two dimensions (BD-SCZ; MDD-NEU) that accounted for 69.

Accelerating Heritability, Genetic Correlation, and Genome-Wide Association Imaging Genetic Analyses in Complex Pedigrees.

National and international biobanking efforts led to the collection of large and inclusive imaging genetics datasets that enable examination of the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to human brains in illness and health. High-resolution neuroimaging (~10 voxels) and genetic (10 single nucleotide polymorphic [SNP] variants) data are available in statistically powerful (N = 10) epidemiological and disorder-focused samples. Performing imaging genetics analyses at full resolution afforded in these datasets is a formidable computational task even under the assumption of unrelatedness among the subjects.

Evaluating the accuracy of an automatic counting system to detect dispensing of hand hygiene product.

Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is an essential element of infection prevention and control programs. Direct observation of adherence to the 5 moments for HH is considered the gold standard in compliance monitoring. However, as direct observation introduces potential bias, other strategies have been proposed to supplement HH compliance data in healthcare facilities.

The effect of polygenic liability to mental disorders on COVID-19 outcomes in people with depression: the mediating role of anxiety.

Background: Genetic vulnerability to mental disorders has been associated with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outcomes. We explored whether polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for several mental disorders predicted poorer clinical and psychological COVID-19 outcomes in people with pre-existing depression.

Methods: Data from three assessments of the Australian Genetics of Depression Study ( = 4405; 52.

Air Purifiers and Acute Respiratory Infections in Residential Aged Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The effectiveness of in-room air purification for the reduction of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in residential aged-care facilities (RACFs) is unknown.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of in-room air purifiers with high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)-14 filters in reducing the incidence of ARIs among residents of RACFs.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial used a multicenter, double-blind, 2-period, 2-treatment crossover design for 6 months from April 7 to October 26, 2023, in 3 RACFs with a bed capacity of 50 to 100 in New South Wales, Australia.

State of the Science: Disgust and the Anxiety Disorders.

Anxiety disorders have long been conceptualized as disorders of fear, while other emotions have largely been overlooked. However, an emerging literature has increasingly implicated disgust in certain anxiety-related disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder, specific phobias (e.g.

Exploring racial and ethnic disparities in the hidradenitis suppurativa patient disease journey: Results from a real-world study in Europe and the USA.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disease associated with high morbidity and disability that has limited treatment options. People from racial and ethnic minority groups may experience greater disease severity and delay to diagnosis. This study assessed the impact of race/ethnicity on HS diagnosis and management in real-world clinical settings.