Making "scents" of nutrients: Investigating the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and vitamin intake.

Decreased overall dietary consumption of micronutrients may be linked to an increased risk of olfactory dysfunction (OD) including subjective report of OD, subjective report of phantosmia, and objective OD. Interactions were identified between these micronutrients, suggesting that outcomes may vary depending on the mixture of micronutrients taken.

Unveiling the complex phonon nature and phonon cascades in 1L to 5L WSe using multiwavelength excitation Raman scattering.

Tungsten diselenide (WSe) is a 2D semiconducting material, promising for novel optoelectronic and phononic applications. WSe has complex lattice dynamics and phonon structure. Numerous discrepancies in the literature exist regarding the interpretation and identification of phonon modes.

Deterministic grayscale nanotopography to engineer mobilities in strained MoS FETs.

Field-effect transistors (FETs) based on two-dimensional materials (2DMs) with atomically thin channels have emerged as a promising platform for beyond-silicon electronics. However, low carrier mobility in 2DM transistors driven by phonon scattering remains a critical challenge. To address this issue, we propose the controlled introduction of localized tensile strain as an effective means to inhibit electron-phonon scattering in 2DM.

GaN Surface Passivation by MoS Coating.

In this study, we investigate the impact of two-dimensional MoS coating on the optical properties of surface GaN/AlGaN quantum wells (QWs). A strong enhancement in GaN QW light emission is observed with monolayer-MoS coating, yielding luminescence intensity comparable to that from a QW capped by an AlGaN barrier. Our results demonstrate that MoS, despite its quite different nature from III-nitride semiconductors, acts as an effective barrier for surface GaN QWs and suppresses spatially localized intrinsic surface states.

Combining thermal scanning probe lithography and dry etching for grayscale nanopattern amplification.

Grayscale structured surfaces with nanometer-scale features are used in a growing number of applications in optics and fluidics. Thermal scanning probe lithography achieves a lateral resolution below 10 nm and a vertical resolution below 1 nm, but its maximum depth in polymers is limited. Here, we present an innovative combination of nanowriting in thermal resist and plasma dry etching with substrate cooling, which achieves up to 10-fold amplification of polymer nanopatterns into SiO without proportionally increasing surface roughness.

The fragility of artists' reputations from 1795 to 2020.

This study explores the longevity of artistic reputation. We empirically examine whether artists are more- or less-venerated after their death. We construct a massive historical corpus spanning 1795 to 2020 and build separate word-embedding models for each five-year period to examine how the reputations of over 3,300 famous artists-including painters, architects, composers, musicians, and writers-evolve after their death.

Isolated ballistic non-abelian interface channel.

The topological order of a quantum Hall state is mirrored by the gapless edge modes owing to bulk-edge correspondence. The state at the filling of ν = 5/2, predicted to host non-abelian anyons, supports a variety of edge modes (integer, fractional, neutral). To ensure thermal equilibration between the edge modes and thus accurately determine the state's nature, it is advantageous to isolate the fractional channel (1/2 and neutral modes).

Melting of Interference in the Fractional Quantum Hall Effect: Appearance of Neutral Modes.

We attempted to measure interference of the outer edge mode in the fractional quantum hall regime with an electronic Mach-zehnder interferometer. The visibility of the interferometer wore off as we approached ν_{B}=1 and the transmission of the quantum point contacts (QPCs) of the interferometer simultaneously developed a v=1/3 conductance plateau accompanied by shot noise. The appearance of shot noise on this plateau indicates the appearance of nontopological neutral modes resulting from edge reconstruction.

Author Correction: Observation of half-integer thermal Hall conductance.

In this Article, the publication details for references 33, 34 and 40 have been corrected online.

Observation of half-integer thermal Hall conductance.

Topological states of matter are characterized by topological invariants, which are physical quantities whose values are quantized and do not depend on the details of the system (such as its shape, size and impurities). Of these quantities, the easiest to probe is the electrical Hall conductance, and fractional values (in units of e/h, where e is the electronic charge and h is the Planck constant) of this quantity attest to topologically ordered states, which carry quasiparticles with fractional charge and anyonic statistics. Another topological invariant is the thermal Hall conductance, which is harder to measure.

Observed quantization of anyonic heat flow.

The quantum of thermal conductance of ballistic (collisionless) one-dimensional channels is a unique fundamental constant. Although the quantization of the electrical conductance of one-dimensional ballistic conductors has long been experimentally established, demonstrating the quantization of thermal conductance has been challenging as it necessitated an accurate measurement of very small temperature increase. It has been accomplished for weakly interacting systems of phonons, photons and electronic Fermi liquids; however, it should theoretically also hold in strongly interacting systems, such as those in which the fractional quantum Hall effect is observed.

Bulk-Induced 1/f Noise at the Surface of Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators.

Slow intrinsic fluctuations of resistance, also known as the flicker noise or 1/f-noise, in the surface transport of strong topological insulators (TIs) is a poorly understood phenomenon. Here, we have systematically explored the 1/f-noise in field-effect transistors (FET) of mechanically exfoliated Bi1.6Sb0.

Signature effects of spin clustering and distribution of spin couplings on magnetization behaviour in Ni-Fe-Mo and Ni-Fe-W alloys.

Spontaneous magnetization as a function of temperature is investigated for a number of disordered Ni-Fe-Mo and Ni-Fe-W alloys using superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, with a focus on the low-T behaviour as well as the critical exponents associated with the magnetic phase transition. While the low-T magnetization is found to be well described by Bloch's T(3/2) law, extraordinary enhancements of the spin-wave parameter B and the reduced coefficient B(3/2) = BT(C)(3/2) are observed with increasing Fe dilution as compared to conventional 3d ferromagnets, whereas the critical amplitudes are found to decrease systematically. Recent locally self-consistent calculations of finite-temperature spin dynamics in a generic diluted magnet provide an understanding in terms of two distinct energy scales associated with weakly coupled bulk spins in the ferromagnetic matrix and strongly coupled cluster spins.

Fe(3.3)Ni(83.2)Mo(13.5): a likely candidate to show spin-glass behaviour at low temperatures.

Unlike other transition metals alloyed with a non-magnetic metal, alloys of Ni behave rather differently. This is because of the fragility of the local magnetic moment on Ni. NiMo and NiW do not show any spin-glass phase.

Metabolic preconditioning of cells with AICAR-riboside: improved cryopreservation and cell-type specific impacts on energetics and proliferation.

In species whose evolutionary history has provided natural tolerance to dehydration and freezing, metabolic depression is often a pre-requisite for survival. We tested the hypothesis that preconditioning of mammalian cells with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-b-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) to achieve metabolic depression will promote greater survivorship during cryopreservation. AICAR is used extensively to stimulate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which can result in downregulation of biosynthetic processes.

Phospholipid vesicles increase the survival of freeze-dried human red blood cells.

In a previous report [Z. Török, G. Satpathy, M.

The role of thyroid hormone on phenylhydrazine hydrochloride mediated inhibitory effects on blood acetylcholinesterase: an in vivo and in vitro study.

A novel phenomenon of protective counteraction by thyroid hormone has been demonstrated in phenylhydrazine hydrochloride (PHH) induced insult on blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.