Incidences of and risk factors for clinical and subclinical contrast-associated acute kidney injury in patients who underwent neuroendovascular surgery.

Background: Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) can develop after intravascular administration of iodinated contrast media. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is an early marker for AKI that helps to detect subclinical CA-AKI. We investigated the incidence of and risk factors for clinical and subclinical CA-AKI in patients who underwent neuroendovascular surgery.

Comparison of desflurane and propofol in the speed and the quality of emergence from anesthesia in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery-a prospective, randomized study.

Background: Anesthesia with desflurane or propofol enables rapid emergence. In patients undergoing lung cancer surgery, however, the speed of emergence from desflurane, but not from propofol, may be affected by the deteriorated postoperative respiratory function. We prospectively compared the speed and quality of emergence between desflurane and propofol.

Dilutional acidosis during whole lung lavage under general anesthesia due to excessive absorption of normal saline.

Background: Whole lung lavage (WLL) is an effective therapy for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. We report a rare dilutional acidosis following WLL in a female patient.

Case Presentation: Under general anesthesia, a left-sided double-lumen tube was inserted with its bronchial lumen connected to the saline delivery system.

Effect of Recombinant Human Soluble Thrombomodulin on Coagulation-Related Variables in Patients With Sepsis-Induced Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Retrospective Observational Study.

To evaluate associations among coagulation-related variables, resolution of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and mortality, we retrospectively investigated 123 patients with sepsis-induced DIC treated with recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM). Changes in coagulation-related variables before and after treatment with rTM were examined. Further, associations between coagulation-related variables and DIC resolution were evaluated.

Unique strategy using a standard double lumen tube during one lung ventilation for successful intraoperative airway management in patients with a giant bulla on the ventilated side: case series.

Giant lung bullae are usually seen in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Over time, air trapping leads to severe dyspnea and CO accumulation. In severe cases, overinflation and rupture of the bulla can cause secondary life-threatening tension pneumothorax.

Impact of Extended Duration of Polymyxin B-Immobilized Fiber Column Direct Hemoperfusion on Hemodynamics, Vasoactive Substance Requirement, and Pulmonary Oxygenation in Patients with Sepsis: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) is used for patients with septic shock, and the recommended hemoperfusion period is 2 h. However, it remains unclear whether the optimal duration is 2 h or longer. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of PMX-DHP between conventional and longer duration of PMX-DHP.

Up-to-date information on polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion for septic shock.

Endotoxin adsorption therapy by polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column direct hemoperfusion (PMX-DHP) has been used for the treatment of septic shock patients. Endotoxin, an outer membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of septic shock. Endotoxin triggers a signaling cascade for leukocytes, macrophage, and endothelial cells to secrete various mediators including cytokines and nitric oxide, leading to septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Specific airway management for SVC replacement during giant anterior mediastinal tumor resection.

Background: Giant anterior mediastinal tumor (GAMT) resection is a challenging procedure, for which anesthesiologist might take to need special precautions.

Case Presentation: A 48-year-old male patient had been scheduled to undergo GAMT resection and superior vena cava (SVC) replacement. The tumor spread surrounding SVC and left main bronchus (LMB), resulting in small volume of his left lung.

Correlation between urinary biomarker and organ failure in patients with sepsis and patients after esophagectomy: a prospective observational study.

Background: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a diagnostic marker for acute kidney injury (AKI). NGAL expression is highly induced not only in kidney injury but also in bacterial infection, inflammation, and cancer. The factors regulating NGAL expression are proinflammatory cytokines, and plasma NGAL levels have been increased in septic shock.

High-flow oxygen via tracheostomy facilitates weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation in patients with restrictive pulmonary dysfunction: two case reports.

Background: Weaning from prolonged mechanical ventilation is extremely difficult in tracheostomized patients with restrictive pulmonary dysfunction. High-flow oxygen via tracheostomy supplies heated and humidified oxygen gas at > 10 L/minute. However, little has been reported on the use of high-flow oxygen via tracheostomy during weaning from ventilators in patients with restrictive pulmonary dysfunction.

Direct hemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fibre treatment for acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia.

Background And Objective: Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF) is recognized as an important cause of mortality. AE has also been reported in patients with other interstitial lung diseases such as idiopathic non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease (CVD). Current therapies such as high-dose corticosteroid with immunosuppressive agents have provided little benefit for AE.

Effects of low-dose atrial natriuretic peptide infusion on cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: A multicenter randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on renal function and medical costs in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) associated with cardiac surgery.

Materials And Methods: The Japanese trial for AKI in Post-cardiovascular surgery patients by ANP (JAPAN) was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in 11 hospitals in Japan. Acute kidney injury was defined as an increase in serum creatinine of at least 0.

Perioperative Elevation in Cell-Free DNA Levels in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: Possible Contribution of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps to Perioperative Renal Dysfunction.

. This study aimed to determine the perioperative change in serum double-strand DNA (dsDNA) as a marker potentially reflecting neutrophil extracellular trap concentration in samples from patients undergoing cardiac surgery and to analyze a relationship between serum dsDNA concentrations and perioperative renal dysfunction. .

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.].

Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on inter-organ crosstalk among the kidney, lung, and heart in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury and a frequent occurrence in critically ill patients. Renal IRI releases proinflammatory cytokines within the kidney that induce crosstalk between the kidney and other organ systems. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has anti-inflammatory as well as natriuretic effects and serves important functions as a regulator of blood pressure, fluid homeostasis, and inflammation.

Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion mainly helps to constrict peripheral blood vessels in treatment for septic shock.

Background: Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion (PMX) has been reported to be effective for patients with septic shock. It remains unclear, however, how the efficacy of PMX varies according to the characteristics and underlying conditions of the patients treated. The objective of the present study was to clarify the factors that result in clinical efficacy of PMX treatment.

[Procalcitonin for the differential diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome after cardiac operation].

Objective: To assess the value of procalcitonin (PCT) for the differential diagnosis between infectious and non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after cardiac operation.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with SIRS after cardiac surgery and admitted to Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School between April 1st, 2011 and March 31st, 2013 were retrospectively studied. A total of 142 patients with SIRS were included, and they were divided into infectious group (n =47) or non-infectious group ( n =95) according to the diagnostic criteria of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012 (SSCG2012).

Polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion removes endotoxin throughout a 24-hour treatment period.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent of endotoxin adsorption by polymyxin B-immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion (PMX) performed for a 24-hour treatment period in patients with septic shock.

Materials And Methods: Nineteen patients with septic shock were retrospectively studied. The plasma endotoxin concentrations of blood drawn from the radial artery and from the outlet circuit of the PMX column were measured by kinetic turbidimetric limulus assay using an MT-358 Toxinometer (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan) after 24 hours of PMX treatment.

Procalcitonin for the differential diagnosis of infectious and non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome after cardiac surgery.

Background: This study was performed to assess the value of procalcitonin (PCT) for the differential diagnosis between infectious and non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after cardiac surgery.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with SIRS after cardiac surgery between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2013 were retrospectively studied. A total of 142 patients with SIRS, infectious (n = 47) or non-infectious (n = 95), were included.

Inhibition of poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase attenuates lung-kidney crosstalk induced by intratracheal lipopolysaccharide instillation in rats.

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of lung injury that frequently occurs during pneumonia and sepsis. Lung inflammation in ARDS patients may have deleterious effects on remote organs such as the kidney. The nuclear enzyme poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enhances the nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent transcription of inflammatory cytokines.