Association between insulin resistance and serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in patients with non-remitting major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is linked to an increased risk of diabetes; however, the underlying pathomechanism remains unknown. Although insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of both insulin resistance (IR) and MDD, no studies have investigated the relationship between IGF-1 and IR in patients with MDD.

Methods: We recruited 120 patients with MDD (84 non-remitting patients and 36 remitting patients) and 99 control participants.

Serum cortisol and insulin-like growth factor 1 levels in major depressive disorder and schizophrenia.

The pathophysiology underlying major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia is related to endocrine system functions and includes changes in the blood levels of cortisol and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). However, these hormones have not been investigated simultaneously in patients with MDD and schizophrenia. We investigated the differences in serum cortisol and IGF-1 levels among patients with MDD and schizophrenia and controls.

Role of insulin-like growth factor 1, sex and corticosteroid hormones in male major depressive disorder.

Background: Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG), hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), and hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic (HPS) axes are potentially involved in major depressive disorder (MDD), but these hormones have not been simultaneously investigated in male patients with MDD. We investigated the association between male MDD symptoms and estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1).

Methods: Serum estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, DHEAS, and IGF1 levels were measured in 54 male patients with MDD and 37 male controls and were compared with clinical factors.

Hormonal Dynamics Effect of Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Cortisol/Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Ratio on Symptom Severity of Major Depressive Disorder.

Background: Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is a neurotrophic factor produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic axis and is considered a potential contributor to the pathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Although it is known that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and cortisol are involved in the pathology of MDD, the association with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) remains unclear. The current study sought to clarify the relationship between these hormones and the pathology of MDD.

Effects of olanzapine on resting heart rate in Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

It has long been known that antipsychotic drugs (ATP) causes tachycardia, however details such as the differences between ATP are not well known. In recent years, the relationship between the rise in resting heart rate (RHR) and the increased risk of death in the general population has been garnering attention. In this study, we examined the difference in action on RHR between olanzapine (OLZ) and aripiprazole (ARP).

Effects of Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 Genotypes on Steady-State Plasma Concentrations of Escitalopram and its Desmethyl Metabolite in Japanese Patients With Depression.

Background: Plasma concentrations of the S-enantiomer of citalopram were different between extensive and poor CYP2C19 metabolizers in healthy subjects and depressed patients. However, most studies applied dose-corrected concentrations. Thus, we studied the effects of polymorphisms of the CYP2C19 gene on raw plasma drug concentrations in Japanese patients with depression.

Effect of GWAS-Identified Genetic Variants on Maximum QT Interval in Patients With Schizophrenia Receiving Antipsychotic Agents: A 24-Hour Holter ECG Study.

Background: Users of antipsychotics (APs) have a risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Sudden cardiac death in such patients is thought to be largely due to drug-induced QT prolongation. It has been reported that many subjects with drug-induced torsades de pointes (TdP) have risk alleles associated with subclinical congenital long QT syndrome.

Sex Differences in the Effect of Atomoxetine on the QT Interval in Adult Patients With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Background: The effects of atomoxetine on QT in adults remain unclear. In this study, we examined whether the use of atomoxetine to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults is associated with QT prolongation.

Methods: Forty-one subjects with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were enrolled in this study.

Cardiovascular pharmacodynamics of donepezil hydrochloride on the PR and QT intervals in patients with dementia.

Objective: Although several case reports suggested that donepezil hydrochloride can induce bradycardia or atrioventricular block, the details remain unclear. We implemented a study of the impact of donepezil hydrochloride administration on PR, RR, and QT intervals.

Methods: The subjects were 18 patients who were diagnosed with either dementia or cognitive disorder (DSM-IV-TR) and were hospitalized between January 2011 and December 2012.

Effects of hospitalization in a psychiatric ward on the body weight of Japanese patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: In Japan, the prevalence of overweight/obesity in the general population is considerably lower and the mean duration of hospitalization of patients with schizophrenia is much longer than those in Europe and North America. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these differences in ethnics or healthcare systems influence the nutritional status of patients with schizophrenia.

Methods: Body mass index (BMI) and blood biochemistry tests were determined at hospitalization and at discharge for 171 Japanese patients who were hospitalized for the treatment of acute phase schizophrenia.