Microbial Identification Using rRNA Operon Region: Database and Tool for Metataxonomics with Long-Read Sequence.

Recent development of long-read sequencing platforms has enabled researchers to explore bacterial community structure through analysis of full-length 16S rRNA gene (∼1,500 bp) or 16S-ITS-23S rRNA operon region (∼4,300 bp), resulting in higher taxonomic resolution than short-read sequencing platforms. Despite the potential of long-read sequencing in metagenomics, resources and protocols for this technology are scarce. Here, we describe MIrROR, the database and analysis tool for metataxonomics using the bacterial 16S-ITS-23S rRNA operon region.

Effects of on Gut Microbiome and Immune System of Immunosuppressed Mouse.

(PG) is a perennial plant that has been used as a traditional remedy to control immune-related diseases. PG was steamed and dried to improve its taste (PGS). The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of PG and PGS (PG-diets) on the gut microbiome and immune system.

Complete Genome of KY Using Flongle Provides Insight Into the Genetic Background of Optimal Adaption to Vaginal Econiche.

Despite the importance of and its unique characteristics for the study of vaginal adaption, its genome and genomic researches for identifying molecular backgrounds of these specific phenotypes are still limited. In this study, the first complete genome of was constructed using a cost-effective long-read sequencing platform, Flongle from Oxford Nanopore, and comparative genome analysis was conducted using a total of 1,046 strain genomes from 10 vaginal species. Single-molecule sequencing using Flongle effectively resolved the limitation of the 2nd generation sequencing technologies in dealing with genomic regions of high GC contents, and comparative genome analysis identified three potential core genes (INY, ZnuA, and ) of which was related to its specific adaption to the vaginal environment.

Calcium Montmorillonite-Based Dietary Supplement Attenuates Necrotic Enteritis Induced by and in Broilers.

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a poultry disease caused by and characterized by severe intestinal necrosis. The incidence of avian NE has been progressively increasing following the removal of antibiotics from poultry feed. We evaluated the effect of diets supplemented with the thermally-processed clays, calcium montmorillonite (CaMM) on clinical signs, immunopathology, and cytokine responses in broiler chickens using an experimental model of NE consisting of co-infection with and .

Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with chicken TL1A.

Tumor necrosis factor-like ligand 1A (TL1A) is a type II transmembrane protein predominantly expressed by endothelial cells that promotes the expansion of activated T cells and regulatory T cells, modulates inflammation, and regulates the production of a wide variety of T cell cytokines. However, there have not been any mAbs which specifically detect chTL1A and define its biochemical and immunological properties. So in this study, two mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) which specifically detect chicken TL1A (chTL1A) were developed and characterized.