Use of Implementation Science Concepts in the Study of Misinformation: A Scoping Review.

Misinformation hinders the impact of public health initiatives. Efforts to counter misinformation likely do not consider the full range of factors known to affect how individuals make decisions and act on them. Implementation science tools and concepts can facilitate the development of more effective interventions against health misinformation by leveraging advances in behavior specification, uptake of evidence, and theory-guided development and evaluation of complex interventions.

Transfusion in Anemic Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: There is controversy surrounding the effectiveness of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion for treating anemia in patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), particularly as hemoglobin (Hb) levels approach and drop below the range of moderate anemia.

Methods: This population-based cohort study followed all adults hospitalized for ACS who experienced an in-hospital nadir Hb between 6.0 and 8.

Artificial Intelligence in Temporal Bone Imaging: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The human temporal bone comprises more than 30 identifiable anatomical components. With the demand for precise image interpretation in this complex region, the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) applications is steadily increasing. This systematic review aims to highlight the current role of AI in temporal bone imaging.

Long-term follow-up of contacts of drug-resistant tuberculosis cases in high-burden areas of Mumbai, India.

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) is a significant public health threat particularly in high burden areas like Mumbai, India. Contacts of DRTB cases are highly vulnerable to infection and development of active disease. In this study we assess long-term outcomes of contacts of DRTB cases, focusing on active TB development and the potential role of IGRA, vitamin D status and supplementation.

Large Language Models as Tools to Generate Radiology Board-Style Multiple-Choice Questions.

Rationale And Objectives: To determine the potential of large language models (LLMs) to be used as tools by radiology educators to create radiology board-style multiple choice questions (MCQs), answers, and rationales.

Methods: Two LLMs (Llama 2 and GPT-4) were used to develop 104 MCQs based on the American Board of Radiology exam blueprint. Two board-certified radiologists assessed each MCQ using a 10-point Likert scale across five criteria-clarity, relevance, suitability for a board exam based on level of difficulty, quality of distractors, and adequacy of rationale.

Reconciling lesions, relapses and smouldering associated worsening: A unifying model for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.

The failure of relapses and white matter lesions to properly explain long-term disability and progression in multiple sclerosis is compounded by its artificial separation into relapsing remitting, secondary progressive, and primary progressive pigeonholes. The well-known epidemiological disconnection between relapses and long-term disability progression has been rediscovered as "progression independent of relapse activity", i.e.

Health Care Professionals' and Parents' Perspectives on the Use of AI for Pain Monitoring in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Multisite Qualitative Study.

Background: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) for pain assessment has the potential to address historical challenges in infant pain assessment. There is a dearth of information on the perceived benefits and barriers to the implementation of AI for neonatal pain monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from the perspective of health care professionals (HCPs) and parents. This qualitative analysis provides novel data obtained from 2 large tertiary care hospitals in Canada and the United Kingdom.

Atypical Pulmonary Metastasis of Prostate Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Phenomenon.

Unlabelled: Prostate cancer can metastasise to the lung. Most common presentations described in the literature are solitary pulmonary nodules, lymphangitic spread and, rarely, pleural effusion. We describe a case of prostate adenocarcinoma with diffuse bilateral reticulonodular and lymphangitic pulmonary metastasis, and malignant pleural effusion while being on androgen deprivation therapy.

SMaRT-PCR: sampling using masks and RT-PCR, a non-invasive diagnostic tool for paediatric pulmonary TB.

Key challenges in paediatric TB diagnosis are invasive sampling and poor sensitivity of standard methods. This study demonstrates the diagnostic potential of non-invasive sampling of bioaerosols from children using SMaRT-PCR, comprising mask sampling combined with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for TB.Exhaled bioaerosols were captured on modified N-95 masks in a 10-min talk-cough-breathe process from 51 children (30 with TB confirmed using standard sampling methods and 21 without TB) aged 2-15 years.

Doubling the life of Cu/ZnO methanol synthesis catalysts via use of Si as a structural promoter to inhibit sintering.

Cu/ZnO/AlO catalysts used to synthesize methanol undergo extensive deactivation during use, mainly due to sintering. Here, we report on formulations wherein deactivation has been substantially reduced by the targeted use of a small quantity of a Si-based promoter, resulting in accrued activity benefits that can exceed a factor of 1.8 versus unpromoted catalysts.

Heteronormative biases and distinctive experiences with prostate cancer among men who have sex with men: a qualitative focus group study.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) face many challenges and biases in healthcare. Within urology there is a need to better understand how prostate cancer impacts MSM given the unique ways in which side effects that accompany treatment may affect this population. The goal of this study is to explore the experience of MSM with prostate cancer to advance the existing literature in this area and inform implementation and delivery of clinical practice and policy guidelines.

Application of sSPhos as a Chiral Ligand for Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation.

Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation is a versatile method for C-C bond formation. Many established classes of chiral ligands can perform allylic alkylation reactions enantioselectively, but identification of new ligand classes remains important for future development of the field. We demonstrate that enantiopure sSPhos, a bifunctional chiral monophosphine ligand, when used as its tetrabutyl ammonium salt, is a highly effective ligand for a benchmark Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction.

Physiologically Based Biopharmaceutics Model (PBBM) of Minimally Absorbed Locally Acting Drugs in the Gastrointestinal Tract-Case Study: Tenapanor.

A physiologically based biopharmaceutics model (PBBM) was developed to predict stool and urine sodium content in response to tenapanor administration in healthy subjects. Tenapanor is a minimally absorbed small molecule that inhibits the sodium/hydrogen isoform 3 exchanger (NHE3). It is used to treat irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C).

Age and sex-related comparison of referral-based telemedicine service utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario: a retrospective analysis.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased utilization of telemedicine services.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all referral-based ambulatory telemedicine services in Ontario from November 2019 to June 2021 was collected from the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) billing database. Only fee-for-service billings were included in the present analysis.

Prevalence of homelessness among hospitalized patients: A point-in-time survey.

Although homelessness is associated with increased acute healthcare utilization and poorer health outcomes, the prevalence of homelessness and housing insecurity in hospitalized patients is poorly characterized. We conducted an in-person survey to determine the prevalence of housing insecurity and homelessness among hospitalized patients at two hospitals in metropolitan Denver in conjunction with the Housing and Urban Development point-in-time count on January 24, 2022. Of the 271 surveyed patients, 79 (29.

Association of Neighborhood-Level Marginalization With Health Care Use and Clinical Outcomes Following Hospital Discharge in Patients Who Underwent Coronary Catheterization for Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Single-Payer Health Care System.

Background: Canadian data suggest that patients of lower socioeconomic status with acute myocardial infarction receive less beneficial therapy and have worse clinical outcomes, raising questions regarding care disparities even in universal health care systems. We assessed the contemporary association of marginalization with clinical outcomes and health services use.

Methods: Using clinical and administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, we conducted a population-based study of patients aged ≥65 years hospitalized for their first acute myocardial infarction between April 1, 2010 and March 1, 2019.

Impact of Clinical Demands on the Educational Mission in Hospital Medicine at 17 Academic Medical Centers : A Qualitative Analysis.

Background: Clinical growth is outpacing the growth of traditional educational opportunities at academic medical centers (AMCs).

Objective: To understand the impact of clinical growth on the educational mission for academic hospitalists.

Design: Qualitative study using semistructured interviews that were analyzed using a mixed inductive and deductive method at the semantic level.

Development and Validation of a Prostate Biopsy Risk Calculator in Black Men.

Purpose: We sought to develop and validate a prostate biopsy risk calculator for Black men and compare it with the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial version 2.0, Prostate Biopsy Collaborative Group, and Kaiser Permanente Prostate Cancer Risk Calculators for the detection of Gleason Grade Group (GG) ≥ 2 prostate cancer (PCa).

Materials And Methods: We prospectively recruited 2 cohorts of men undergoing prostate biopsy from 5 facilities in Chicago.

Efficient clathrin-mediated entry of enteric adenoviruses in human duodenal cells.

Enteric adenoviruses have historically been difficult to grow in cell culture, which has resulted in lack of knowledge of host factors and pathways required for infection of these medically relevant viruses. Previous studies in non-intestinal cell lines showed slow infection kinetics and generated comparatively low virus yields compared to other adenovirus types. We suggest duodenum-derived HuTu80 cells as a superior cell line for studies to complement efforts using complex intestinal tissue models.

Evaluating a Novel Infant Heart Rate Detector for Neonatal Resuscitation Efforts: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Study.

Background: Over 10 million newborns worldwide undergo resuscitation at birth each year. Pediatricians may use electrocardiogram (ECG), pulse oximetry (PO), and stethoscope in determining heart rate (HR), as HR guides the need for and steps of resuscitation. HR must be obtained quickly and accurately.

Transfusion thresholds in acute coronary syndromes.

Purpose Of Review: Anemia is prevalent in patients with acute coronary syndromes. In this setting, there is uncertainty and controversy surrounding the optimal transfusion strategy for managing anemia. The goal of this review is to summarize the current clinical evidence, guidelines, and future directions for managing transfusion in acute coronary syndromes.