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View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: How the brain develops accurate models of the external world and generates appropriate behavioral responses is a vital question of widespread multidisciplinary interest. It is increasingly understood that brain signal variability-posited to enhance perception, facilitate flexible cognitive representations, and improve behavioral outcomes-plays an important role in neural and cognitive development. The ability to perceive, interpret, and respond to complex and dynamic social information is particularly critical for the development of adaptive learning and behavior.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCooperative behavior is central to human societies. Human adults who reach their cooperative decisions more rapidly and independently of cognitive control display greater levels of prosocial behavior. This is taken to show that cooperation is guided by intuitive processes rather than by active control of selfish impulses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAltruistic behavior is considered a key feature of the human cooperative makeup, with deep ontogenetic roots. The tendency to engage in altruistic behavior varies between individuals and has been linked to differences in responding to fearful faces. The current study tests the hypothesis that this link exists from early in human ontogeny.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFull field digital mammography (FFDM) is the current pillar of breast cancer screening program. However, the emerging technique digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has demonstrated a significant increase in the sensibility of cancer detection in several large cohort trials. DBT is particularly helpful for young patients, dense breasts and soft masses due to its ability to reduce overlapping of tissue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDev Cogn Neurosci
August 2017
Responding to others' emotional expressions is an essential and early developing social skill among humans. Much research has focused on how infants process facial expressions, while much less is known about infants' processing of vocal expressions. We examined 8-month-old infants' processing of other infants' vocalizations by measuring event-related brain potentials (ERPs) to positive (infant laughter), negative (infant cries), and neutral (adult hummed speech) vocalizations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Two thirds of node-positive breast cancer patients have limited pN1 disease and could benefit from a less extensive axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).
Methods: 172 breast cancers patients requiring an ALND were prospectively enrolled in the Sentibras Protocol of Axillary Reverse Mapping (ARM). Radioisotope was injected in the ipsilateral hand the day before surgery.
Body expressions exert strong contextual effects on facial emotion perception in adults. Specifically, conflicting body cues hamper the recognition of emotion from faces, as evident on both the behavioral and neural level. We examined the developmental origins of the neural processes involved in emotion perception across body and face in 8-month-old infants by measuring event-related brain potentials (ERPs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe examined the role of infant temperament and maternal dispositional empathy in the neural processing of happy and fearful emotional body expressions in 8-month-old infants by measuring event-related brain potentials. Our results revealed that infants' tendency to approach novel objects and people was positively correlated with the neural sensitivity (attention allocation) to fearful expressions, while infant fearfulness was negatively correlated to the neural sensitivity to fearful expressions. Maternal empathic concern was associated with infants' neural discrimination between happy and fearful expression, with infants of more empathetically concerned mothers showing greater neural sensitivity (attention allocation) to fearful compared to happy expressions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMuch research has recognized the general importance of maternal behavior in the early development and programing of the mammalian offspring's brain. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) duration, the amount of time in which breastfed meals are the only source of sustenance, plays a prominent role in promoting healthy brain and cognitive development in human children. However, surprisingly little is known about the influence of breastfeeding on social and emotional development in infancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensitive responding to others' emotional body expressions is an essential social skill in humans. Using event-related brain potentials, it has recently been shown that the ability to discriminate between emotional body expressions develops between 4 and 8 months of age. However, it is not clear whether the perception of emotional body expressions in others evokes sensitive brain responses linked to motivational processes in infants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFResponding to others' emotional body expressions is an essential social skill in humans. Adults readily detect emotions from body postures, but it is unclear whether infants are sensitive to emotional body postures. We examined 8-month-old infants' brain responses to emotional body postures by measuring event-related potentials (ERPs) to happy and fearful bodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReading others' emotional body expressions is an essential social skill. Adults readily recognize emotions from body movements. However, it is unclear when in development infants become sensitive to bodily expressed emotions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe examined the processing of facial expressions of pain and anger in 8-month-old infants and adults by measuring event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and frontal EEG alpha asymmetry. The ERP results revealed that while adults showed a late positive potential (LPP) to emotional expressions that was enhanced to pain expressions, reflecting increased evaluation and emotional arousal to pain expressions, infants showed a negative component (Nc) to emotional expressions that was enhanced to angry expressions, reflecting increased allocation of attention to angry faces. Moreover, infants and adults showed opposite patterns in their frontal asymmetry responses to pain and anger, suggesting developmental differences in the motivational processes engendered by these facial expressions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBull Acad Natl Med
February 2016
Aims Of The Study: Autologous fat graft injection has been systematically used by our team since 2001 in order to enhance the esthetic outcome of breast reconstruction. However, this technique remains controversial, notably in France. This study evaluated oncologic outcomes at 3 years among 110 patients operated on and monitored by two surgeons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective Of The Study: Skin-sparing mastectomies (SSM) have gained acceptance among teams performing immediate breast reconstruction because this technique provides the best cosmetic outcome. Nevertheless, in France, concerns have been raised that limited skin excision during mastectomy could result in an increased risk of local recurrence especially in invasive breast cancer; many surgeons continue to have reservations regarding the oncologic safety of this operation. This is a retrospective, long-term follow-up study of 400 patients operated and followed by two oncoplastic surgeons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegrating the multisensory features of talking faces is critical to learning and extracting coherent meaning from social signals. While we know much about the development of these capacities at the behavioral level, we know very little about the underlying neural processes. One prominent behavioral milestone of these capacities is the perceptual narrowing of face-voice matching, whereby young infants match faces and voices across species, but older infants do not.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Chir Plast Esthet
February 2012
Objective Of The Study: Immediate failure in breast surgery with implant is a serious medical complication with negative ramifications for both the patient and the health care system. The classical treatment is removal of the breast implant and delay reconstruction. Our objective is to show that this standard treatment is not the good one in many cases, and abundant irrigation with implant salvage is a sure and effective alternative.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe investigated children's moral behaviour in situations in which a third party was harmed (the test case for possession of agent-neutral moral norms). A 3-year-old and two puppets each created a picture or clay sculpture, after which one puppet left the room. In the Harm condition, the remaining (actor) puppet then destroyed the absent (recipient) puppet's picture or sculpture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective Of The Study: Our objective is to define a sub-group of patients in whom skin-sparing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction and preservation of the nipple-areola complex is technically and oncologically feasible without increasing the risk of complications and local recurrence.
Patients And Methods: Between September 1999 and December 2005, 66 patients presenting an in situ and/or invasive breast carcinoma justifying a mastectomy underwent immediate breast reconstruction preserving the skin and nipple-areolar complex.
Results: After a median follow-up of 37 months, definitive conservation of the nipple-areolar complex with good esthetic results was achieved in 71% of the cases.
Aims: Prophylactic mastectomy has been the subject of major publications by international groups. Its oncology benefit is undisputed in patients with a genetic mutation. Nevertheless, its impact on quality of life, its psychological, esthetic, sexual, functional and pain repercussions are such that it should not and must never be programmed in an emergency situation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Immediate breast reconstruction using the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap is a standard technique that allows for cosmetically acceptable results yet leaves a great scar on the donor site. To reduce the scars, we have been using a different surgical technique consisting of endoscopic harvesting of the latissimus dorsi pure muscular flap with a virtual cavity created by CO2 gas distention.
Methods: Between May 1, 2001, and June 30, 2005, there were 52 patients who underwent latissimus dorsi endoscopic harvesting for an immediate breast reconstruction after a skin-sparing mastectomy.
Aims: Reconstructive techniques using flaps to preserve the enveloping skin, and even the nipple areolar complex where there is no neoplastic infiltration, have led to vast improvements in the results of reconstructive breast surgery. To further improve the cosmetic outcome, we have applied the technique of autologous fat transfer or lipoinjection, which has proven very successful in cosmetic surgery, to reconstructive breast surgery, and to the treatment of certain cosmetic sequelae of conservative breast treatment. We report our findings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Radiother
November 2006
In the seventies, limb-sparing surgery and radiation therapy appeared capable of successfully treating the great majority of adult patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities. No survival benefit could be demonstrated in the patients selected for amputation. Microscopically positive surgical margins are related to a greater risk of local recurrence, whereas overall survival is compromised by high grade and large tumor size.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOperating tables evolved in several stages. The most dynamic period was situated between 1860 and 1920: the surgeons of numerous countries were conscious of the necessity of specific tables for surgery. Introduction of anaesthesia in 1846 and asepsis in 1870 have strongly allowed this development.
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