Genome-wide profiling reveals pervasive transcriptional alterations in fibroblasts derived from lesional skin in vitiligo including a reduced potential to proliferate.

Fibroblasts interact with keratinocytes and melanocytes to maintain skin homeostasis. However, the impact of selective melanocyte loss on the transcriptome of fibroblasts is not fully understood. Thus, we sought to understand the genome-wide transcriptome of fibroblasts derived from non-lesional (NL) and lesional (L) dermis in patients with non-segmental vitiligo.

The long noncoding RNA MALAT1 suppresses miR-211 to confer protection from ultraviolet-mediated DNA damage in vitiligo epidermis by upregulating sirtuin 1.

Background: The absence of melanocytes poses a challenge for long-term tissue homeostasis in vitiligo. Surprisingly, while individuals with Fitzpatrick phototypes I-II (low melanin content) have a higher incidence of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer, people with vitiligo are at a decreased risk for the same.

Objectives: To understand the molecular mechanisms that protect vitiligo skin from ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage by (i) characterizing differentially expressed microRNAs in lesional vs.

Hangnails: Paste them back.

Hangnails are short torn down part of skin surrounding the nails. At times they are very painful. The usual treatment advised is cutting the excess skin with clippers or scissors.

A randomized, open-label, comparative study of oral tranexamic acid and tranexamic acid microinjections in patients with melasma.

Background: Melasma poses a great challenge as its treatment modalities are unsatisfactory. Treatment using tranexamic acid is a novel concept.

Aim: This study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of oral tranexamic acid and tranexamic acid microinjections in patients with melasma.

Eruptive Vellus Hair Cyst: An Uncommon and Underdiagnosed Entity.

Eruptive vellus hair cyst (EVHC) is a rare follicular developmental abnormality of the vellus hair follicles. They are usually seen in children, adolescents, or young adults and manifest as reddish-brown smooth papules most commonly involving the chest, limbs, and abdomen. An 18-year-old male presented with asymptomatic papules on the trunk and flexor aspect of both forearms for the past 2 years.

Design Considerations for Developing Hyperbranched Polyglycerol Nanoparticles as Systemic Drug Carriers.

PEGylation is commonly used to increase the plasma residence time of anticancer drug nanocarriers. However, PEGylation may trigger antibody production and lead to accelerated blood clearance in subsequent administrations. Moreover, the presence of PEG shells on nanocarriers may also hamper endosomal escape and decrease drug payload release.

Orthokeratotic Bowen disease: a histopathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular study.

Background: Some examples of Bowen disease lack the characteristic broad parakeratosis making their histopathologic diagnosis particularly difficult in small and incomplete biopsies.

Materials And Methods: The archives of our dermatopathology laboratory were searched for cases of Bowen disease with >75% orthokeratosis (orthokeratotic Bowen disease) and classic Bowen disease (>25% parakeratosis). Selected specimens were evaluated histopathologically, using immunohistochemical stains (CK10, CK7, Bcl-2, p16 and Ki-67) and by DNA amplification/sequencing for human papilloma virus (HPV) subtypes.

Investigation of hydrophobically derivatized hyperbranched polyglycerol with PEGylated shell as a nanocarrier for systemic delivery of chemotherapeutics.

Unlabelled: We report the synthesis and characterization of a polymeric nanoparticle (NP) based on hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) containing a hydrophobic core and a hydrophilic shell, and assessed its suitability to be developed as a systemic anticancer drug carrier. HPG NP displayed low toxicity to primary cell cultures and were well-tolerated in mice after intravenous administration. When tested in mice tumor xenograft models, HPG NP accumulated significantly in the tumors with low accumulation in the liver and the spleen.

Nanoprobes for hybrid SPECT/MR molecular imaging.

Hybrid imaging techniques provide enhanced visualization of biological targets by synergistically combining multiple imaging modalities, thereby providing information on specific aspects of structure and function, which is difficult to obtain by a single imaging modality. Advances in the field of hybrid imaging have resulted in the recent approval of PET/magnetic resonance (MR) imaging by the US FDA for clinical use in the USA and Europe. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/MR imaging is another evolving hybrid imaging modality with distinct advantages.

Hyperbranched polyglycerols as trimodal imaging agents: design, biocompatibility, and tumor uptake.

Combining various imaging modalities often leads to complementary information and synergistic advantages. A trimodal long-circulating imaging agent tagged with radioactive, magnetic resonance, and fluorescence markers is able to combine the high sensitivity of SPECT with the high resolution of MRI over hours and days. The fluorescence marker helps to confirm the in vivo imaging information at the microscopic level, in the context of the tumor microenvironment.

Development and evaluation of a dual-modality (MRI/SPECT) molecular imaging bioprobe.

Specific bioprobes for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enormous potential for use in cancer imaging in near-future clinical settings. The authors describe the development of dual modality molecular imaging bioprobes, in the form of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated to antibodies, for SPECT and MRI of mesothelin-expressing cancers. The bioprobes were developed by conjugating (111)In labeled antimesothelin antibody mAbMB to superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs.

Evaluation of (111)In labeled antibodies for SPECT imaging of mesothelin expressing tumors.

Introduction: Mesothelin is expressed in many cancers, especially in mesothelioma and lung, pancreatic and ovarian cancers. In the present study, we evaluate (111)In labeled antimesothelin antibodies as an imaging bioprobe for the SPECT imaging of mesothelin-expressing tumors.

Methods: We radiolabeled the antimesothelin antibodies mAbMB and mAbK1 with (111)In using the p-SCN-bn-DTPA chelator.

Radiolabeling of fab and f(ab')2 antibody fragments with 99mTc(I) tricarbonyl core using a new bifunctional tridentate ligand.

The objective of this study was to design and evaluate a new histidine-modified tridentate chelator for labeling antimesothelin fab and f(ab')2 antibody fragments with the Tc(I) tricarbonyl ([Tc(CO)3]) core. N-(ortho-phenol)-histidine chelator was synthesized by modifying the single amino acid L-histidine, a natural amino acid, with an additional phenol group to obtain the bifunctional tridentate ligand after reductive amination. Bioconjugation was based on the carbodiimide activation of the carboxylate of chelator and on further reaction with the amine groups present on the antibody fragments.

Long-chain rhenium and technetium glucosamine conjugates.

A series of five glucosamine-conjugated organometallic complexes of the tricarbonyl cores of technetium-99m and rhenium were made. Glucosamine was derivatized at the C-2 nitrogen with long chain alkyl spacers linked to either pyridyl-tert-nitrogen-phenol tridentate chelates or cyclopentadienyl ligating groups. The metal complexes of the tridentate ligands were formed by refluxing with [Re(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)]Br, or with a base and [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)(H(2)O)(3)](+).

Glucosamine conjugates bearing N,N,O-donors: potential imaging agents utilizing the [M(CO)3]+ core (M = Re, Tc).

The design rationale, synthesis and radiolabeling evaluation of four glucosamine conjugated ligands for the [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)](+) core is described. The capability to bind the tricarbonyl core is initially demonstrated using the cold surrogate [Re(CO)(3)](+). The four compounds are competent chelates in binding [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)](+) as labeling studies show, with yields ranging from 79 to 96% and the resulting complexes showing stability in the presence of competing chelates for 24 h at 37 degrees C.