ATG9B Is a Poor Prognostic Marker Associated With Immune Evasion in Colon Adenocarcinoma.

Background/aim: Autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are involved in autophagy activation, which has a pleiotropic role in cancer development. However, the potential value of ATG expression levels in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is unclear. This study aimed to examine the modulation of ATG expression levels and their association with clinical and molecular aspects of COAD.

Novel Cytoplasmic Bacteriocin Compounds Derived from Selectively Kill , Including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

(S. aureus) is one of the well-known agents causing atopic dermatitis (AD) in susceptible individuals, and () produces class I thermostable bacteriocins that can selectively kill , suggesting protective roles against AD. There is a large need for developing precise therapies only to target and not to harm the beneficial microbiome.

Artificial cellular nano-environment composed of collagen-based nanofilm promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

In regenerative medicine, the generation of therapeutic stem cells and tissue engineering are important for replacing damaged tissues. Numerous studies have attempted to produce cellular components that mimic the native tissue for gaining optimal function. Particularly, the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition plays an important role in cellular functions including determining the fates of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).

Gamma irradiation of aloe-emodin induced structural modification and apoptosis through a ROS- and caspase-dependent mitochondrial pathway in stomach tumor cells.

Purpose: The changes in molecular structure and the physiological properties of a gamma-irradiated aloe-emodin were examined.

Materials And Methods: Aloe-emodin was gamma-irradiated at doses ranging from 0 to 150 kGy, and the molecular structure was then analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). AGS cells were cultured in RPMI medium and treated gamma irradiated aloe-emodin.

Gamma-Irradiated Luteolin Inhibits 3-Isobutyl-1-Methylxanthine-Induced Melanogenesis Through the Regulation of CREB/MITF, PI3K/Akt, and ERK Pathways in B16BL6 Melanoma Cells.

Luteolin was gamma irradiated at doses of 0, 15, 30, 50, 70, and 100 kGy. We observed that the luteolin peak decreased simultaneously with the appearance of new radiolytic peaks, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest new radiolytic peak (GLM) of radiolytic product in gamma-irradiated luteolin was observed at a dose of 70 kGy, and the GLM was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and high-performance-liquid-chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight (HPLC-Q-TOF) mass spectrometry.

Surface Engineering for Mechanical Enhancement of Cell Sheet by Nano-Coatings.

Cell sheet technology is becoming increasingly popular in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, due to integrity into versatile organ and manageable cell and tissue type from the bank, and no needs of large volume organ for transplantation. Cell sheets have still a room to resolve the mechanical resistance under load-bearing occasion, easy translocation into organ, and prompt shape modulation for regular application in vivo. Herein, a layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of nanometer scaled film coating method was introduced to inter-planar cell sheet for multilayered cell sheet (M1) and a single cell before sheet formation (M2).

Inkjet Printing-Based Patchable Multilayered Biomolecule-Containing Nanofilms for Biomedical Applications.

Thin films including biocompatible polymers and biological materials as building blocks can be produced with a variety of critical film characteristics, including various materials, thicknesses, roughnesses, amounts of compound released, and release rates for biomedical purposes. We developed a multilayer fabrication system via high-throughput layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of a nanofilm with inkjet printing to facilitate practical biomedical applications. Our system was used to generate biomolecule (ovalbumin and basic fibroblast growth factor)-containing printed LbL films.

Gamma irradiation enhanced Tollip-mediated anti-inflammatory action through structural modification of quercetin in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.

The changes in molecular structure and anti-inflammatory action of a gamma-irradiated quercetin were examined. Quercetin was gamma-irradiated at doses of 0, 15, 30, 50, 100 and 150kGy, which induced new radiolytic peaks (the highest radiolytic peak at a dose of 30kGy). Treatment of intact- and gamma-irradiated quercetin did not induce a significant cellular toxicity of macrophages at concentrations ranging from 12.

Gamma-irradiated resveratrol negatively regulates LPS-induced MAPK and NF-κB signaling through TLR4 in macrophages.

Resveratrol was irradiated at various doses of 15, 30, 50, and 70kGy for the development of physiological functionalities through modification of the structural properties. Gamma irradiation induced a decrease in the resveratrol peak, and the appearance of several new peaks by gamma irradiation was gradually increased up to 70kGy. Gamma-irradiated resveratrol did not exert cytotoxicity to macrophages in dose ranges from 15 to 70kGy; therefore, 70kGy gamma-irradiated resveratrol was used as the maximum dose throughout subsequent experiments.

Characterization of Proinflammatory Responses and Innate Signaling Activation in Macrophages Infected with Mycobacterium scrofulaceum.

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum is an environmental and slow-growing atypical mycobacterium. Emerging evidence suggests that M. scrofulaceum infection is associated with cervical lymphadenitis in children and pulmonary or systemic infections in immunocompromised adults.

Anti-inflammatory effect of gamma-irradiated genistein through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages.

Genistein was irradiated with γ-irradiation at doses of 0, 10, 30, 50, 100, and 150 kGy. We observed that the decrease in the genistein peak after gamma irradiation was concomitant with the appearance of several new peaks. 150 kGy gamma-irradiated genistein did not exert cytotoxicity in macrophages, and inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase-mediated nitric oxide production and pro-inflammatory cytokines level, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages.

Procyanidin C1 causes vasorelaxation through activation of the endothelial NO/cGMP pathway in thoracic aortic rings.

The aim of this study was to clarify the efficacy of procyanidin C1 (Pro C1) for modulating vascular tone. Pro C1 induced a potent vasorelaxant effect on phenylephrine-constricted endothelium-intact thoracic aortic rings, but had no effect on denuded thoracic aortic rings. Moreover, Pro C1 caused a significant increase in nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells.

Procyanidin dimer B2-mediated IRAK-M induction negatively regulates TLR4 signaling in macrophages.

Polyphenolic compounds have been found to possess a wide range of physiological activities that may contribute to their beneficial effects against inflammation-related diseases; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this anti-inflammatory activity are not completely characterized, and many features remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis for the down-regulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal transduction by procyanidin dimer B2 (Pro B2) in macrophages. Pro B2 markedly elevated the expression of the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK)-M protein, a negative regulator of TLR signaling.

The procyanidin trimer C1 induces macrophage activation via NF-κB and MAPK pathways, leading to Th1 polarization in murine splenocytes.

Numerous studies have shown various relationships between foods with a high nutritional value and a robust immune response, particularly studies that have focused on host protection and cytokine networks. This study aimed to clarify the role played by the procyanidin trimer C1 in innate and adaptive immunity. Procyanidin C1 did not exert cytotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 7.

Quercetin negatively regulates TLR4 signaling induced by lipopolysaccharide through Tollip expression.

Polyphenolic compounds have been regarded as one of the most promising dietary agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-related chronic diseases; however, the anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids, such as quercetin, are not completely characterized, and many features remain to be elucidated. In this study, we showed the molecular basis for the downregulation of TLR4 signal transduction by quercetin. Quercetin markedly elevated the expression of the Toll-interacting protein, a negative regulator of TLR signaling.

Multiphoton imaging of actin filament formation and mitochondrial energetics of human ACBT gliomas.

We studied the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of actin filaments and mitochondria in relation to ACBT glioblastoma cells migration. We embedded the cells in the spheroid form within collagen hydrogels and imaged them by in situ multiphoton microscopy (MPM). The static 3D overlay of the distribution of actin filaments and mitochondria provided a greater understanding of cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate interactions and morphology.