Prevents Food Allergy in Mice via the Surface Layer Protein SlpB.

The prevalence of food allergies has increased in recent decades in industrialized developed countries. Defects are influenced by environmental factors in early life, including early colonizers of the human gut microbiota. Therapeutic solutions are limited, and the lack of efficient treatments has led to the search for new treatments, including biotherapies.

Monocyte Signature Associated with Herpes Simplex Virus Reactivation and Neurological Recovery after Brain Injury.

Brain injury induces systemic immunosuppression, increasing the risk of viral reactivations and altering neurological recovery. To determine if systemic immune alterations and lung replication of herpesviridae are associated and can help predict outcomes after brain injury. We collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with severe brain injury requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.

Prebiotic Supplementation During Pregnancy Modifies the Gut Microbiota and Increases Metabolites in Amniotic Fluid, Driving a Tolerogenic Environment .

The gut microbiota is influenced by environmental factors such as food. Maternal diet during pregnancy modifies the gut microbiota composition and function, leading to the production of specific compounds that are transferred to the fetus and enhance the ontogeny and maturation of the immune system. Prebiotics are fermented by gut bacteria, leading to the release of short-chain fatty acids that can specifically interact with the immune system, inducing a switch toward tolerogenic populations and therefore conferring health benefits.

Engineering a safe monoclonal anti-human IL-2 that is effective in a murine model of food allergy and asthma.

Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are known to protect against allergies. Moreover, the decrease in the frequency and efficiency of Tregs amplifies allergic symptoms.

Aim: This study investigated whether expanding Tregs in vivo with an IL-2/IL-2 antibody complex could be safe, well tolerated and efficient in a therapeutic setting in allergies.

Author Correction: Alveolar macrophages are epigenetically altered after inflammation, leading to long-term lung immunoparalysis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Alveolar macrophages are epigenetically altered after inflammation, leading to long-term lung immunoparalysis.

Sepsis and trauma cause inflammation and elevated susceptibility to hospital-acquired pneumonia. As phagocytosis by macrophages plays a critical role in the control of bacteria, we investigated the phagocytic activity of macrophages after resolution of inflammation. After resolution of primary pneumonia, murine alveolar macrophages (AMs) exhibited poor phagocytic capacity for several weeks.

In vitro immune responses of human PBMCs against Candida albicans reveals fungal and leucocyte phenotypes associated with fungal persistence.

Although there is a growing understanding of immunity against Candida albicans, efforts need to be pursued in order to decipher the cellular mechanisms leading to an uncontrolled immune response that eventually oppose disease eradication. We describe here significant intra- and inter-subject variations in immune response patterns of major human leucocyte subsets following an in vitro challenge with C. albicans clinical isolates.

Double positive CD4+CD8+ T cells are part of the adaptive immune response against Candida albicans.

Although multiple immune cells participate in the innate and adaptive immune response against Candida albicans, the elucidation of cellular and inflammation kinetics may be a promising strategy to decipher events propitious to infection eradication. We used an in vitro Candida-human leucocyte coculture approach to study the dynamics of rare CD4+CD8+ double positive T lymphocytes (DP T) produced in response to this fungus. Our results highlight the presence of two phenotypically distinct subsets of DP T cells: CD4hiCD8lo and CD4loCD8hi, and that the different ratio of these cells correlates with infection outcome.

Specific Human and Candida Cellular Interactions Lead to Controlled or Persistent Infection Outcomes during Granuloma-Like Formation.

A delayed type of multicellular process could be crucial during chronic candidiasis in determining the course of infection. This reaction, consisting of organized immune cells surrounding the pathogen, initiates an inflammatory response to avoid fungal dissemination. The goal of the present study was to examine, at an in vitro cellular scale, Candida and human immune cell interaction dynamics during a long-term period.