Magnesium sulfate for fetal neuroprotection in preterm labor: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Antenatal magnesium sulfate has been reported to reduce the risk of neurological impairment in fetuses born to women at risk of preterm labor. However, the evidence to support its use is conflicting. We conducted this meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate in women at risk of preterm labor as new research is available from RCTs giving insights into MgSO4 treatment among differing gestational age groups.

Lower Uterine Segment Corrugated Sutures in Hemorrhage during Cesarean Section because Previal and/or Placenta Accreta Spectrum: Case Reports Series and Literature Review.

Objectives: We present the original technique of compression hemostatic sutures on the lower uterine segment due to early postpartum hemorrhage during cesarean section, with a literature review.

Methods: A retrospective clinical case study was conducted at the tertiary perinatal center. Twelve patients had nine planned and three urgent cesarean sections due to antenatally verified placenta previa and/or placenta accreta spectrum and defined early postpartum hemorrhage > 1000 mL during cesarean section.

Evaluation of PD-L1 Expression in Colorectal Carcinomas by Comparing Scoring Methods and Their Significance in Relation to Clinicopathologic Parameters.

Background: This study aims to evaluate PD-L1 expression in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) by using the tumor proportion score (TPS) and the combined positive score (CPS), and to investigate whether there is a correlation with clinicopathologic features.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted that included samples from patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma treated with colon resection and rectal resection after neoadjuvant radio- and chemotherapy at the Department of Abdominal Surgery at Požega Hospital in the period from 2017 to 2022. The study included 102 tumor tissue samples from patients after resection and the pathohistological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma.

Comparison between fascia lata and rectus fascia in treatment of pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review.

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review is to present and compare results from studies that have been using autologous tissue for POP repair.

Methods: Systematic review was done according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews. We aimed to retrieve reports of published and ongoing studies on the efficacy and safety of autologous tissue in vaginal vault prolapse repair.

Reproductive Outcomes in Young Women with Early-Stage Cervical Cancer Greater than 2 cm Undergoing Fertility-Sparing Treatment: A Systematic Review.

: Despite advancements in detection and treatment, cervical cancer remains a significant health concern, particularly among young women of reproductive age. Limited data exists in the literature regarding fertility-sparing treatment (FST) of cervical cancers with tumor sizes greater than 2 cm. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the reproductive outcomes of women diagnosed with cervical cancer greater than 2 cm who underwent FST.

Impact of Thrombophilic Polymorphisms in Antenatal Women on Perinatal Health: A Single-Center Prospective Study.

Background: Despite pregnancy's hypercoagulable state, the correlation between inherited thrombophilia and thrombotic adverse pregnancy outcomes remains uncertain. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of inherited thrombophilic polymorphisms among asymptomatic pregnant individuals and to examine their potential correlation with adverse perinatal outcomes.

Methods: in this single-center prospective study, 105 healthy pregnant women were included.

Effect of Maternal Age and Body Mass Index on Induction of Labor Using Oral Misoprostol in Late-Term Pregnancies: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Several studies have shown that late- and post-term pregnancies are associated with an increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. In this case, induction of labor is the recommended approach. For full-term pregnancies, various methods exist to prepare the cervix and/or commence labor.

Reproductive and Oncologic Outcomes in Young Women with Stage IA and Grade 2 Endometrial Carcinoma Undergoing Fertility-Sparing Treatment: A Systematic Review.

Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological malignancy in both Europe and the USA. Approximately 3-5% of cases occur in women of reproductive age. Fertility-sparing treatment (FST) options are available, but very limited evidence regarding grade 2 (G2) ECs exists in the current literature.

Incretin Hormone Secretion in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Roles of Obesity, Insulin Sensitivity and Treatment with Metformin and GLP-1s.

Background: The purpose of this narrative review is to describe the mechanisms that are responsible for the development of infertility and PCOS, with a focus on the role of obesity, insulin sensitivity and treatment with metformin and GLP-1s.

Methods: The relevant publications were identified after systematic queries of the following sources: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and publishers' databases, complemented by a cross-check of the reference lists. We used a combination of the search terms "polycystic ovary syndrome", "obesity" and "insulin resistance" with "metformin", "exenatide", "liraglutide", "semaglutide", "orlistat" and terms relevant to the topic of each paragraph (e.

Severe Early-Onset Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Following Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome with Pulmonary Presentation after In Vitro Fertilization: Case Report and Systematic Review of Case Reports.

Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common pregnancy-related liver disease, usually presented in the third trimester with pruritus, elevated transaminase, and serum total bile acids. Evidence shows that it can be developed in the first trimester, more commonly after in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures, with the presence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).

Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE database of case reports/studies reporting early-onset ICP in spontaneous and IVF pregnancies published until July 2023.

Evaluation of placental oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy in relation to ultrasound maturation grade in physiological term pregnancies.

A prospective observational study (ClinicalTrial ID: NCT05771415) was conducted to compare placental oxygenation in low-risk, uncomplicated term pregnancies measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in relation to the placental maturity grade determined by ultrasound assessment according to the Grannum scale. We included 34 pregnancies divided into two groups according to placental maturation. For each pregnancy, measurements were taken at the site above the central part of the placenta (test) and at the site outside of the placenta on the lower abdomen (control).

Reactive oxygen species within the vaginal space: An additional promoter of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and uterine cervical cancer development?

Uterine cervical intraepithelial abnormalities and cancer development may also depend upon biological problems that arise as a result of complex molecular disturbances within the vaginal space, in addition to the widely known causative effect of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Chronic oxidative stress is a consequence of oxygen reduction in the vaginal space. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are yet unrecognizable causative agents and are probably very important factors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer development.

Clinical Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of the Available Medical Options in the Treatment of Endometriosis-Related Pelvic Pain: A Scoping Review.

Background: In this scoping review, we sought to identify published studies evaluating the drugs currently used in the treatment of endometriosis-related pelvic pain, with reflection on their chemical properties, pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and clinical efficacy.

Methods: A literature search was conducted with the use of the PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases, focusing on identifying articles published in English between January 1990 and 2023.

Results: Based on the included studies, current therapy options for the treatment of endometriosis-related pain identified and reviewed in this article were: (1) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; (2) combined oral contraceptive (COCs); (3) progestins; (4) gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and antagonists; (5) aromatase inhibitors (AIs); (6) selective estrogen and progesterone receptor modulators; and (7) levonorgestrel-intrauterine device.

Maternal choledochal cysts in pregnancy: A systematic review of case reports and case series.

Background: Choledochal cysts (CC) are cystic dilatations of the biliary tract, usually diagnosed during childhood, with an estimated incidence in the general population of 1:100000. Complications related to CC include rupture, biliary obstruction, and cholangitis. Maternal CC in pregnancy are rarely reported, and there are no guidelines on optimal management.

Diode laser use in hysteroscopic surgery: current status and future perspectives.

Recent advances in surgical technology and innovative techniques have revolutionized surgical gynecology, including transcervical hysteroscopic procedures. Surgical lasers (Nd-Yag, Argon, diode, and CO2 lasers) have been promoted to remove a variety of gynecological pathologies. For hysteroscopic surgery, the diode laser represents the most versatile and feasible innovation, with simultaneous cut and coagulate action, providing improved hemostasis compared with CO2 laser.

Feasibility and Surgical Outcomes of Hysteroscopic Myomectomy of FIGO Type 3 Myoma: A Systematic Review.

The latest classification from the Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique (FIGO) has reclassified type 3 myomas, changing their classification from intramural to submucosal. While hysteroscopic myomectomy is considered the gold standard treatment for patients experiencing symptoms from submucosal myomas, there are currently no specific guidelines available for managing type 3 myomas, and the optimal surgical approach remains uncertain. The search for suitable articles published in English was carried out using the following databases (PROSPERO ID CRD42023418602): MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register), Health Technology Assessment Database, Web of Science and search register.

The proposal of the novel fetal shoulder dystocia graduation: a clinical-based opinion.

Background: Shoulder dystocia is a peracute mechanical dystocia and a prepartum, usually unpredictable, life-threatening entity with significant forensic implications due to significantly poor perinatal outcome, especially permanent disability or perinatal death.

Content: To better objectify the graduation and to include other important clinical parameters, we believe it is appropriate to present a proposal for a complete perinatal weighted graduation of shoulder dystocia, based on several years of numerous other and our own clinical and forensic studies and thematic biobibliography. Obstetric maneuvers, neonatal outcome, and maternal outcome are three components, which are evaluated according to the severity of 0-4 proposed components.

Tranexamic acid for the prevention of blood loss after cesarean section: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: Tranexamic acid is a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage among women who undergo cesarean delivery, but the evidence to support its use is conflicting. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in low- and high-risk cesarean deliveries.

Data Sources: We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.

Colonic gallstone ileus: a systematic literature review with a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm.

Rare complication of gallstone disease is gallstone ileus. The common location is the small intestine, followed by the stomach. The rarest location is colonic gallstone ileus (CGI).

The Role of Gene Expression in Stress Urinary Incontinence: An Integrative Review of Evidence.

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is defined as unintentional urine leakage occurring as a consequence of increased intraabdominal pressure due to absent or weak musculus detrusor contractility. It affects postmenopausal women more often than premenopausal and is associated with quality of life (QoL) deterioration. The complex SUI etiology is generally perceived as multifactorial; however, the overall impact of environmental and genetic influences is deficiently understood.

Effects of different progesterone levels on reproductive outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies: from molecular basis to treatment strategies.

Purpose: The aim of this narrative review is to offer an overview about the role of progesterone levels on pregnancy outcome in patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs).

Methods: A detailed computerized search of the literature was performed in the main electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science) to determine the importance of elevated progesterone levels at different stages of the cycle for pregnancy rates in the fertilization (IVF) cycle. Our review also provides information on the differences between elevated progesterone levels and their interpretation in normal and in poorly responding women.