Potential Application of Marine Algae and Their Bioactive Metabolites in Brain Disease Treatment: Pharmacognosy and Pharmacology Insights for Therapeutic Advances.

Seaweeds, also known as edible marine algae, are an abundant source of phytosterols, carotenoids, and polysaccharides, among other bioactive substances. Studies conducted in the past few decades have demonstrated that substances derived from seaweed may be able to pass through the blood-brain barrier and act as neuroprotectants. According to preliminary clinical research, seaweed may also help prevent or lessen the symptoms of cerebrovascular illnesses by reducing mental fatigue, preventing endothelial damage to the vascular wall of brain vessels, and regulating internal pressure.

Knowledge, Perception, and Readiness of Indonesian Pharmacists for the Implementation of Telepharmacy-Based Pharmaceutical Services in Indonesia.

Background: Telepharmacy, a digital technology-driven approach, has emerged as a potential solution to address the challenges posed by this pandemic. Telepharmacy is a method used in pharmaceutical practice where a pharmacist utilizes telecommunications technology to supervise aspects of pharmacy operations or provide patient care services. This study aimed to assess pharmacists' level of knowledge, perception, and readiness toward telepharmacy in Indonesia.

Cannabis and Other Substance Misuse: Implications and Regulations.

Abusing controlled substances, including cannabis and various drugs, can result in severe intoxication and even death. Therefore, a comprehensive postmortem analysis is crucial for understanding the underlying causes of such fatalities. This narrative review discusses the characteristics of commonly abused controlled substances, the methodologies employed in postmortem analysis, lethal dosage levels, mechanisms of toxicity, side effects, and existing regulations.

Brown Macroalgae Extract Inhibits Melanin Production and Cellular Oxygen Stress in B16F10 Melanoma Cells.

The brown macroalgae has been reported for its anti-UV and photoprotective potential for industrial applications. This study evaluated the melanin inhibition activity of (SCE) ethanol extract. Melanogenesis inhibition by SCE was assessed in vitro with B16-F10 melanoma cell models and in silico against melanin regulatory proteins Tyrosinase (TYR) and Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC1R).

Clinical Manifestations and Genetic Influences in Sulfonamide-Induced Hypersensitivity.

Drug hypersensitivity is an inflammatory or immune reaction induced by drugs. It can be fatal if not appropriately treated and cause the risk of long-term complications. Sulfonamides are classified as antimicrobial drugs with a broad spectrum effective for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

The neurotoxic effect of lactational PFOS exposure on cerebellar functional development in male mice.

Recent studies showed a possible association between perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and developmental disabilities. We previously found the specific effects of PFOS exposure on learning and memory, however, its effect on the other developmental disabilities such as motor and social deficits remains unclear. We examined the effect of early lactational PFOS exposure on motor coordination, social activity, and anxiety in male mice.

Effects of Gadolinium Deposits in the Cerebellum: Reviewing the Literature from In Vitro Laboratory Studies to In Vivo Human Investigations.

Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are chemicals injected intravenously during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to enhance the diagnostic yield. The repeated use of GBCAs can cause their deposition in the brain, including the cerebellum. Such deposition may affect various cell subsets in the brain and consequently cause behavioral alterations due to neurotoxicity.

Neurotoxic effects of lactational exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate on learning and memory in adult male mouse.

The present study aims to examine the effect of early lactational perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposures on learning and memory in male mice and reveal the underlying mechanisms involved. PFOS solution was orally administered to dams from the postpartum days 1-14, so that pups would be exposed through breast milk. At 8-10 weeks of age, we performed object location test (OLT), object recognition test (ORT), and pairwise visual discrimination (VD) task.

and Postnatal Propylthiouracil-Induced Mild Hypothyroidism Impairs Maternal Behavior in Mice.

Thyroid hormones (THs) play crucial roles in general and brain development. Even if the hypothyroidism is mild, it may alter brain function, resulting in irreversible behavioral alterations. Although various behavioral analyses have been conducted, the effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment during and postnatal periods on maternal behavior have not yet been studied.

Effects of Mild Perinatal Hypothyroidism on Cognitive Function of Adult Male Offspring.

Mild perinatal hypothyroidism may result from inadequate iodine intake, insufficient treatment of congenital hypothyroidism, or exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Because thyroid hormones are critical for brain development, severe hypothyroidism that is untreated in infancy causes irreversible cretinism. Milder hypothyroidism may also affect cognitive development; however, the effects of mild and/or moderate hypothyroidism on brain development are not fully understood.

Early-life stress induces cognitive disorder in middle-aged mice.

Early-life stress can induce several neuropsychological disorders in adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms inducing such disorders are still not fully understood. Furthermore, the effects of early-life stress on the changes in cognitive function with age are still not clarified.

The Effects of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents on the Cerebellum: from Basic Research to Neurological Practice and from Pregnancy to Adulthood.

Gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to increase the diagnostic yield. Current reports using animal models or human subjects have shown that GBCAs may be deposited in brain including the cerebellum. Although further studies may be required to clarify the toxicity of GBCAs, we should be more cautious to use these agents particularly in patients who more likely to have repeated enhanced MRI along their lifespan.

The Effect of Perinatal Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents on Adult Mice Behavior.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of perinatal exposure to gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) on the behavior of adulthood offspring.

Materials And Methods: Pregnant Balb/C mice (n = 5 per group) were intravenously injected with gadoterate meglumine (Magnescope, macrocyclic GBCA), gadodiamide (Omniscan, linear GBCA), or vehicle from pregnancy day 15 to 19, corresponding to embryonic day 15 to 19 of the fetus, at 2 mmol/kg body weight per day. Brain samples from dams and pups were collected on postpartum day 28.

Organ retention of gadolinium in mother and pup mice: effect of pregnancy and type of gadolinium-based contrast agents.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of pregnancy and type of gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agents (GBCAs) on organ retention of Gd in mother and pup mice after maternal administration.

Materials And Methods: Gd-DTPA-BMA (gadodiamide) or Gd-DOTA (gadoterate dimeglumine) was administered (2.0 mmol/kg of maternal weight) four times to pregnant Balb/c mice from gestational day 16-19, respectively.