Glutamine Homeostasis and Its Role in the Adaptive Strategies of the Blind Mole Rat, Spalax.

Oxidative metabolism is fine-tuned machinery that combines two tightly coupled fluxes of glucose and glutamine-derived carbons. Hypoxia interrupts the coordination between the metabolism of these two nutrients and leads to a decrease of the system efficacy and may eventually cause cell death. The subterranean blind mole rat, , is an underexplored, underground, hypoxia-tolerant mammalian group which spends its life under sharply fluctuating oxygen levels.

Comprehensive Analysis of C Glucose Fate in the Hypoxia-Tolerant Blind Mole Rat Skin Fibroblasts.

The bioenergetics of the vast majority of terrestrial mammals evolved to consuming glucose (Glc) for energy production under regular atmosphere (about 21% oxygen). However, some vertebrate species, such as aquatic turtles, seals, naked mole rat, and blind mole rat, , have adjusted their homeostasis to continuous function under severe hypoxic environment. The exploration of hypoxia-tolerant species metabolic strategies provides a better understanding of the adaptation to hypoxia.

Distinct organization of adaptive immunity in the long-lived rodent Spalax galili.

A balanced immune response is a cornerstone of healthy aging. Here, we uncover distinctive features of the long-lived blind mole-rat (Spalax spp.) adaptive immune system, relative to humans and mice.

[Effects of panthenol and carnitine on aldehyde metabolic enzymes in rats with tetrachloromethane-induced liver injury].

Tetrachloromethane (2 g/kg, intragastric) produced a decrease in the activity of NAD- and NADH- dependent aldehyde dehydrogenases with high Km for aldehydes in rat liver. Panthenol and L-carnitine administered separately normalized the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenases, while a combination of the drugs did not produce any significant effect.

Effect of Perftoran on free radical homeostasis during alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

We studied the effects of Perftoran on free radical processes in the liver of rats with withdrawal syndrome after chronic alcohol intoxication. Administration of Perftoran in the period of ethanol withdrawal eliminated the signs of oxidative stress and prevented elevation of enzyme activities in the blood, which reflects improvement of structural and functional characteristics of liver cell membranes.

[Effect of chronic morphine treatment on free radical state].

The state of an enzymatic component of the antioxidant system, intencity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver, nitric oxide level in blood plasma were investigated in rats subjected to chronic morphine intoxication. Male Wistar rats were treated with introperitoneal injections of 1% morphine hydrochloride twice a day. The daily dose of morphine was gradually increased trom 10 mg/kg (1-2 days) to 20 mg/kg (3-4 days), and up to 40 mg/kg starting at the fifth day.

[Interrupted alcohol treatment and liver: free radical homeostasis, nitric oxide, adaptive mechanisms].

Alcohol administration can result in liver damage. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and their interaction are crucial factors in this process. The aim of work was to investigate, free radical state and mechanisms of adaptation of the antioxidant system (AOS) to stress, caused by interrupted alcohol intake.