Publications by authors named "Mishra Vikas"

Article Synopsis
  • Chronic stress worsens autoimmune disorders like arthritis and psoriasis by increasing inflammation and reducing the effectiveness of treatments.
  • An 8-week chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) protocol was applied to rat models to simulate chronic stress conditions, and methotrexate (MTX) was used as a therapeutic intervention after 5 weeks.
  • The study found that CUS significantly aggravated disease severity, heightened inflammatory responses, and compromised the therapeutic effects of MTX, highlighting the need to consider chronic stress in autoimmune disease management.
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  • * Leukodystrophies are rare, inherited neurodegenerative conditions primarily affecting the myelin sheath, leading to dysfunction in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.
  • * Promising therapeutic strategies, including stem cell therapy and gene therapy, are being researched for treating leukodystrophies, aiming to restore myelin and correct metabolic issues linked to glial cell impairment.
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  • * A protein called BDNF, which helps with brain health, also seems important for blood vessels, but stress lowers its levels, making heart problems worse.
  • * The study found that a drug called valproic acid can help protect against these heart issues caused by stress by boosting BDNF levels and improving blood vessel function.
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Cardiotoxicity (CT) is a severe condition that negatively impacts heart function. β-sitosterol (BS) is a group of phytosterols and known for various pharmacological benefits, such as managing diabetes, cardiac protection, and neuroprotection. This study aims to develop niosomes (NS) containing BS, utilizing cholesterol as the lipid and Tween 80 as the stabilizer.

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Article Synopsis
  • Autoimmune diseases, like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis, are becoming more common, and stress might make them worse or better.
  • Scientists tested how stress affects these diseases using rats, by exposing them to different stressors for 8 weeks.
  • The study found that stress increased inflammation and made arthritis and psoriasis worse in rats, showing that stress can have a big impact on these diseases.
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Diabetes accelerates muscle atrophy, leading to the deterioration of skeletal muscles. This study aimed to assess the potential of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist, salbutamol (SLB), to alleviate muscle atrophy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into four groups (n=6): control, SLB, STZ (55 mg/kg, single i.

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Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that leads to accelerated skeletal muscle atrophy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of salbutamol (SLB) on skeletal muscle atrophy in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups ( = 6): control, SLB, HFD/STZ, and HFD/STZ + SLB (6 mg/kg orally for four weeks).

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Article Synopsis
  • People who are really stressed can have problems with their hearts because of changes in their body.
  • A study was done with rats that experienced stress for a long time to see if a special kind of treatment called taVNS could help their hearts feel better.
  • After 2 weeks of taVNS treatment, the stressed rats showed improvements in their heart health, suggesting that this method could help others with heart issues related to stress.
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  • * In a study, mice were stressed for 10 weeks to see how this affects their heart arteries and behavior.
  • * The treatment with a substance called Butein helped protect these stressed mice from heart issues by lowering inflammation and improving their health.
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Objectives: To determine the onset of heparin anticoagulation, using 2 different measures of activated clotting times (ACT), thromboelastography (TEG; R-time), and anti-Xa levels, after administering low- (100 U/kg) and high- (300 U/kg) dose intravenous (IV) heparin to patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and cardiac surgery, respectively.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Single academic institution.

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SIGNAL is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study (no. NCT02481674) established to evaluate pepinemab, a semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D)-blocking antibody, for treatment of Huntington's disease (HD). The trial enrolled a total of 265 HD gene expansion carriers with either early manifest (EM, n = 179) or late prodromal (LP, n = 86) HD, randomized (1:1) to receive 18 monthly infusions of pepinemab (n = 91 EM, 41 LP) or placebo (n = 88 EM, 45 LP).

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Background: The close interaction and interdependence of astrocytes and neurons allows for the possibility that astrocyte dysfunction contributes to and amplifies neurodegenerative pathology. Molecular pathways that trigger reactive astrocytes may represent important targets to preserve normal homeostatic maintenance and modify disease progression.

Methods: Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) expression in the context of disease-associated neuropathology was assessed in postmortem brain sections of patients with Huntington's (HD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as in mouse models of HD (zQ175) and AD (CVN; APPSwDI/NOS2) by immunohistochemistry.

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Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are rare and frequently fatal neurological disorders in which motor neurons within the brainstem and spinal cord regions slowly die. MNDs are primarily caused by genetic mutations, and > 100 different mutant genes in humans have been discovered thus far. Given the fact that many more MND-related genes have yet to be discovered, the growing body of genetic evidence has offered new insights into the diverse cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the aetiology and pathogenesis of MNDs.

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Article Synopsis
  • People with chronic stress have higher levels of certain substances in their body that can lead to heart problems.
  • Diacerein is a medicine that can help control these substances, but it hasn't been tested for heart issues related to stress.
  • In this study, stressed rats showed heart problems, but when they were given diacerein, it helped protect their hearts.
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Study Objective: To assess the utility of preoperative testing in ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients undergoing outpatient surgery across several surgical specialties.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Patients: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2017 to 2018 was queried to extract patients defined as ASA 1 and 2 who underwent outpatient surgeries.

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Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations of the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 gene. Abnormal physiological functions of glial cells contribute to pathogenesis of Rett syndrome. Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) regulates processes central to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration including cytoskeletal structures required for process extension, communication, and migration of glial cells.

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Persistent cognitive and mood impairments in Gulf War Illness (GWI) are associated with chronic neuroinflammation, typified by hypertrophied astrocytes, activated microglia, and increased proinflammatory mediators in the brain. Using a rat model, we investigated whether a simple lifestyle change such as moderate voluntary physical exercise would improve cognitive and mood function in GWI. Because veterans with GWI exhibit fatigue and post-exertional malaise, we employed an intermittent voluntary running exercise (RE) regimen, which prevented exercise-induced stress.

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Purpose: The CLASSICAL-Lung clinical trial tested the combination of pepinemab, an IgG4 humanized mAb targeting semaphorin 4D, with the PD-L1 inhibitor avelumab to assess the effects of coupling increased T-cell infiltration and reversal of immune suppression via pepinemab with sustained T-cell activation via checkpoint inhibition.

Patients And Methods: This phase Ib/II, single-arm study was designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of pepinemab in combination with avelumab in 62 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), including immunotherapy-naïve (ION) patients and patients whose tumors progressed following anti-PD-1/L1 monotherapy (IOF). The main objectives were to evaluate safety/tolerability, establish a recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), obtain a preliminary evaluation of antitumor activity, and investigate candidate biomarker activity.

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Background: Safety and efficacy of newer-generation and World's thinnest everolimus eluting stent (Evermine 50) in patients with very long and multiple lesions.

Method: Total of 711 patients received >40 mm long, World's thinnest (50 µm) Evermine 50 Everolimus eluting stent (Meril Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd.

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Aims: Studies comparing the outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) along with optimal medical therapy (OMT) versus OMT alone in treatment of chronic total occlusion (CTO) are limited by observational design, variable follow-up period, diverse clinical outcomes, high drop-out and cross-over rates. This study aims to conduct a meta-analysis of published data of observational as well as randomized studies comparing long term outcomes of PCI+OMT versus OMT alone.

Methods And Results: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were systematically reviewed.

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Engagement of programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor by its ligands (PD-L1/PD-L2) in activated immune cells is known to be involved in inflammatory neurological disease via a co-inhibitory signal pathway. Interaction of PD-1/PD-L1 is believed to occur only in activated neuroimmune cells because there are undetectable levels of PD-1/PD-L1 in normal physiological conditions. Here, we evaluated whether activation of neuroimmune cells such as human macrophage, brain endothelial cells (hBECs), astrocytes, microglia, and neurons by non-toxic concentrations of ethanol (EtOH) exposure can alter PD-1/PD-L1 expression.

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Background: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are the leading causes of acquired diseases in children and young adults in developing countries carrying considerable morbidity and mortality. Rheumatic fever (RF) commonly affects children between 5-15 years old and is rarely seen in < 5 years old. Mitral stenosis (MS) is the most common sequela, as it bears maximum onslaught.

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