A Rare Case of Donor-Derived Renal Cell Carcinoma in a Kidney Transplant Recipient.

BACKGROUND The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in transplanted kidneys is reported to be about 0.2%, which makes this case exceedingly rare. Risk factors include older age of the donors, smoking, obesity, and hypertension.

The Evolving Role of Public Health in Medical Education.

Medical education in the twentieth century was largely influenced by the Flexner Report, with significant proportions of instruction dedicated to the molecular underpinnings of the pathologic pathways and minimal mention of the socio-ecological determinants of health. When examining the predominant diseases of the twenty first century landscape, widening health disparities, and significant changes in the United States healthcare system, it is imperative to view wellness and sickness in a broader public health context rather than a singular focus of the biomedical model. While undergraduate opportunities to study public health are on the rise in the United States, there is a parallel urgency for medical curricula to recognize the importance of the complex interrelated socio-ecological root causes of health, well-being, and illness.