Discontinuation of antidepressants after remission with antidepressant medication in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A significant clinical issue encountered after a successful acute major depressive disorder (MDD) treatment is the relapse of depressive symptoms. Although continuing maintenance therapy with antidepressants is generally recommended, there is no established protocol on whether or not it is necessary to prescribe the antidepressant used to achieve remission. In this meta-analysis, the risk of relapse and treatment failure when either continuing with the same drug used to achieved remission or switching to a placebo was assessed in several clinically significant subgroups.

Recurrence of Mania or Depression Among Adult Bipolar Patients Who Continued Using Lithium: A Single-group Summary Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.

Background: The exact recurrence rate of bipolar disorder in patients receiving lithium maintenance phase treatment and the modifiers associated with recurrence are still unknown.

Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL from inception until April 28, 2020. Outcomes included recurrence rate of any mood episode, depressive episodes, and manic/hypomanic/mixed episodes; all-cause discontinuation rate; and discontinuation rate due to adverse events.

Elemental diet directly affects chemotherapy-induced dermatitis and raw wound areas.

Elental is an L-glutamine-rich elemental diet (ED) that has been widely used in Japan as a nutritional supplement for malnourished patients. In addition, Elental has been successfully used in the management of chemotherapy-induced mucositis in cancer patients. Recently, it was also reported that Elental can effectively reduce chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and can also reduce mucositis and dermatitis in animal models.

Pyogenic spondylodiscitis of the lumbar spine related to anastomotic fistula after surgery for esophageal cancer: a case report.

Background: Pyogenic spondylodiscitis is an extremely rare complication of esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Case Presentation: A 70-year-old Japanese man, with a previous medical history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and laryngeal cancer, received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction for advanced esophageal cancer. Cervical esophagogastrostomy with circular-stapled end-to-side anastomosis was performed.

Phase I/II study of tirabrutinib, a second-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Background: The safety, tolerability, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of tirabrutinib, a second-generation, highly selective oral Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, were evaluated for relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).

Methods: Patients with relapsed/refractory PCNSL, Karnofsky performance status ≥70, and normal end-organ function received tirabrutinib 320 and 480 mg once daily (q.d.

Sarcoid-like reaction in lymphadenopathy associated with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Correctly distinguishing metastasis and sarcoid-like reaction in patients with mediastinal lymphadenopathy is clinically important in esophageal cancer. A patient was a 52-year-old Japanese woman with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and rare case of sarcoid-like reaction. The patient was admitted with pharyngeal discomfort and an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy detected a superficial tumor in the middle thoracic esophagus.

Real-World Nivolumab Wastage and Leftover Drug Stability Assessment to Facilitate Drug Vial Optimization for Cost Savings.

Purpose: Nivolumab dosage was initially selected on the basis of body weight, often resulting in leftover drug after sterile compounding. This study sought to investigate the real-world wastage of nivolumab and assess the long-term stability of leftover nivolumab within vials to facilitate drug vial optimization (DVO).

Methods: We collected all discarded vials after preparation from 17 regional hospitals in Japan over a 6-month period preceding the adoption of a fixed dose of 240 mg per administration.

Scoliosis Caused by Limb-Length Discrepancy in Children.

Study Design: Single-center retrospective study in pediatric patients.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the presence and severity of leg-length discrepancy (LLD) on scoliosis in children.

Overview Of Literature: LLD is a common orthopedic problem that can result in standing imbalance, low back pain, and stress fractures.

In vitro three-dimensional culture systems of salivary glands.

Dry mouth can be caused by salivary gland hypofunction due to Sjögren's syndrome (SS) or radiation therapy for head and neck cancer, and it can also be a side effect of medications. The use of sialagogues effectively increases saliva secretion in patients with dry mouth. However, the application of sialagogues is not always satisfactory because of their side effects, such as sweating, nausea, runny nose and diarrhea.

Antithrombin gamma attenuates macrophage/microglial activation and brain damage after transient focal cerebral ischemia in mice.

Aims: Thrombin formation is increased in patients with acute cerebral ischemic stroke, and augments coagulation and inflammation in the brain. Administration of antithrombin (AT) was previously reported to be protective against renal and myocardial ischemic injury. Thus, we hypothesized that treatment with AT would be neuroprotective against cerebral ischemic injury.

Pharmacokinetics and safety after once and twice a day doses of meclizine hydrochloride administered to children with achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia (ACH) is the most common short-limbed skeletal dysplasia caused by activating mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. We identified that meclizine hydrochloride inhibited FGFR3 signaling in various chondrocytic cells and promoted longitudinal bone growth in mouse model of ACH. Meclizine has safely been used for more than 50 years, but it lacks the safety data for repeated administration and pharmacokinetics (PK) when administered to children.

Application of accelerated long-range corrected exchange functional [LC-DFT(2Gau)] to periodic boundary condition systems: CO adsorption on Cu(111) surface.

Several different types of density functional theory (DFT) exchange correlation functionals were applied to a periodic boundary condition (PBC) system [carbon monoxide (CO) adsorbed on Cu(111): CO/Cu(111)] and the differences in the results calculated using these functionals were compared. The exchange correlation functionals compared were those of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) and those of long-range corrected density functional theory (LC-DFT), such as LC-ωPBE(2Gau) and LC-BLYP(2Gau). Solid state properties such as the partial density of states were calculated in order to elucidate the detailed adsorption mechanisms and back-bonding peculiar to the CO/Cu(111) system.

Engraftment potential of maternal adipose-derived stem cells for fetal transplantation.

Advances in prenatal molecular testing have made it possible to diagnose most genetic disorders early in gestation. In utero mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy can be a powerful tool to cure the incurable. With this in mind, this method could ameliorate potential physical and functional damage.

Effects of day length- and temperature-regulated genes on annual transcriptome dynamics in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), a gymnosperm indeterminate species.

Seasonal phenomena in plants are primarily affected by day length and temperature. The shoot transcriptomes of trees grown in the field and a controlled-environment chamber were compared to characterize genes that control annual rhythms and the effects of day length- and temperature-regulated genes in the gymnosperm Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don), which exhibits seasonally indeterminate growth.

Anomalies of the right vertebral vein increasing the difficulty of lymph-node dissection along the right recurrent laryngeal nerve: a single-institution, retrospective study.

Background: Radical lymph-node dissection along the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN) improves the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer. The RLN is a landmark for achieving adequate lymph-node dissection. However, the right RLN is sometimes covered by the right vertebral veins (VVs), making it undetectable.

Association Between the Use of Antidepressants and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Large, Population-Based Cohort Study in Japan.

Objective: This study aimed to reveal the associations between the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes and the duration of antidepressant use and the antidepressant dose, and between antidepressant use after diabetes onset and clinical outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: In this large-scale retrospective cohort study in Japan, new users of antidepressants (exposure group) and nonusers (nonexposure group), aged 20-79 years, were included between 1 April 2006 and 31 May 2015. Patients with a history of diabetes or receipt of antidiabetes treatment were excluded.

Tracking intermediate performance of vigilant attention using multiple eye metrics.

Vigilance deficits account for a substantial number of accidents and errors. Current techniques to detect vigilance impairment measure only the most severe level evident in eyelid closure and falling asleep, which is often too late to avoid an accident or error. The present study sought to identify ocular biometrics of intermediate impairment of vigilance and develop a new technique that could detect a range of deficits in vigilant attention (VA).

Examination of the influence of cedar fragrance on cognitive function and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer type dementia.

We examined whether symptoms of dementia are improved by olfactory nerve stimulation in Alzheimer type dementia patients. First, a stick-type olfactory identification ability test was performed in patients with Alzheimer type dementia, to select patients without olfactory dysfunctions. Then, these patients were randomly assigned into the intervention (n = 19) and the control groups (n = 17).

[Central Effect of Components of Cannabis: Utility and Risk].

Cannabis contains over 700 known cannabinoids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and so on; however, the roles and importance of these components have yet to be fully understood. Δ-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is believed the most psychoactive component in cannabis, whereas cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol, and cannabigerol are the most well-known non-psychoactive components. THC, but not CBD, has been shown to produce abnormal behavior in animals; these effects are caused, at least in part, by binding to cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB) in the brain.

PLAG1 enhances the stemness profiles of acinar cells in normal human salivary glands in a cell type-specific manner.

Objectives: Details of the histogenesis of salivary gland tumors are largely unknown. The oncogenic role of PLAG1 in the salivary gland has been demonstrated in vivo. Herein, we demonstrate PLAG1 roles in the acinar and ductal cells of normal human salivary glands to clarify the early events that occur during the histogenesis of salivary gland tumors.

Severe achondroplasia due to two de novo variants in the transmembrane domain of FGFR3 on the same allele: A case report.

Background: Achondroplasia (ACH), the most common form of short-limbed skeletal dysplasia, is caused by gain-of-function mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene. More than 97% of patients result from a heterozygous p.G380R mutation in the FGFR3 gene.

Development of an Acoustic Simulation Method during Phonation of the Japanese Vowel /a/ by the Boundary Element Method.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to establish the method for an acoustic simulation of a vocal tract created from CT data during phonation of the Japanese vowel /a/ and to verify the validity of the simulation.

Material And Methods: The subjects were 15 healthy adults (8 males, 7 females). The vocal tract model was created from CT data acquired during sustained phonation of the Japanese vowel /a/.