Apple peels as an edible source of phenolic bioactive compounds with antidiabetic and antiglycation properties.

Apples ( Borkh.) are one of the most consumed fruits around the world with a high production of peels as wastes and by-products. In this work, peels from different commercial and local apple samples are explored as a source of phenolic bioactive compounds that could be directly related to the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

Genetically based trait coordination and phenotypic plasticity of growth, gas exchange, allometry, and hydraulics across the distribution range of Pinus pinaster.

Studying intraspecific trait variation across environments is key for understanding how resource-use strategies evolve. It is hypothesized that plants from mesic environments have evolved toward a more acquisitive strategy with high growth potential and phenotypic plasticity, while populations from xeric continental climates exhibit a conservative strategy with slower growth and better physiological performance under drier conditions. We tested this hypothesis through the phenotypical characterization of 14-yr-old Pinus pinaster Aiton trees from 20 range-wide populations growing in two climatically contrasting common gardens.

Effective microbial formulations using sustainable carriers for the remediation of plastic-affected soils.

The increasing use of mulching films in intensive agriculture, together with their inefficient end-of-life disposal, has led to a significant plastic accumulation in soils, which contributes to disrupting ecosystems. The aim of this work was to determine the ability of different sustainable carriers to harbor and introduce plastic-degrading microorganisms into contaminated soils to provide a biotechnological tool that potentially enhances plastic decontamination, ameliorating the harmful effect of this type of pollutant in soil. To this end, pure cultures and co-cultures of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas alloputida (specialized plastic-degrading strains) were added to three sustainable carriers (vermicompost, biochar, and calcium alginate beads) for the preparation of microbial formulations.

"Complex segmentectomies: Comparison with simple and effect of experience on postoperative outcomes".

Objectives: We compared simple and complex segmentectomies in terms of complications and mortality. We hypothesized which proportion of complex segmentectomies might improve postoperative outcomes.

Methods: Patients from 18 hospitals operated since september 2018 to December 2019 were prospectively collected.

Competition for shared resources increases dependence on initial population size during coalescence of gut microbial communities.

The long-term success of introduced populations depends on both their initial size and ability to compete against existing residents, but it remains unclear how these factors collectively shape colonization dynamics. Here, we investigate how initial population (propagule) size shapes the outcome of community coalescence by systematically mixing eight pairs of in vitro microbial communities at ratios that vary over six orders of magnitude, and we compare our results to neutral ecological theory. Although the composition of the resulting cocultures deviated substantially from neutral expectations, each coculture contained species whose relative abundance depended on propagule size even after ~40 generations of growth.

Design and Implementation of the Transparent, Interpretable, and Multimodal (TIM) AR Personal Assistant.

The concept of an AI assistant for task guidance is rapidly shifting from a science fiction staple to an impending reality. Such a system is inherently complex, requiring models for perceptual grounding, attention, and reasoning, an intuitive interface that adapts to the performer's needs, and the orchestration of data streams from many sensors. Moreover, all data acquired by the system must be readily available for post-hoc analysis to enable developers to understand performer behavior and quickly detect failures.

[MMLV reverse transcriptase, a relevant tool for molecular biology].

The reverse transcriptase of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus (MMLV) is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA from an RNA template. Among reverse transcriptases, this enzyme is currently the most commonly used in molecular biology and diagnostics. Since its discovery, this viral protein has been extensively studied, shedding light on its structural and functional characteristics, and offering opportunities to optimize the catalytic performances for biotechnological applications.

Competition Between Protein and DNA for Binding to Natural Sepiolite Nanofibers.

Introduction: Sepiolite nanofibers, which are natural silicates belonging to the clay mineral family, could be promising potential nanocarriers for the nonviral transfer of biomolecules. The physicochemical characteristics of sepiolite make it capable of binding various types of biological molecules, including polysaccharides, lipids, proteins and viruses. Sepiolite nanofibers have also been shown to bind effectively to various types of DNA molecules through electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonds, cationic bridges and van der Waals forces.

A Prospective, Non-interventional Observational Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of the Casein Hydrolysate-Based Food Supplement in High-Risk Human Papillomavirus-Positive Women.

Objective The study aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of casein hydrolysate-based food supplement, HuPaVir, in high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-positive women. Methods A prospective, multicenter, and non-interventional observational study was carried out in Spain. At the end of the study, 118 HR-HPV-positive women (20 to 65 years old) were enrolled and completed the follow-up as required by the protocol.

Independent and interactive effects of viral species on risk for lower respiratory tract illnesses in early life.

Importance: All children experience upper respiratory tract illnesses (URI) caused by viral infections. However, some of these illnesses progress to the lower airways. Although studies have found infection with certain viral species are more likely to trigger lower respiratory illnesses (LRIs), a comprehensive analysis of viruses underlying early-life LRIs is lacking.

Bilateral Adrenal Leiomyomas in a Pediatric Patient.

Adrenal leiomyomas are rare, benign tumors originating in the adrenal glands. They have a varied age of presentation, occur with a slight female predominance, and are typically unilateral, although bilateral cases can occur. Symptoms typically include abdominal or flank pain.

Ablative CO Laser Treatment of Rhinophyma in People of Color: A Case Series.

Rhinophyma is the result of progressive acne rosacea, which results in hypertrophy and fibrosis of sebaceous glands and connective tissues of the nose. The skin soft tissue envelope of the nose becomes bulkier and heavier relative to the underlying structural supportive framework of the nose over time, resulting in nasal airway obstruction and disfigurement that adversely impact quality of life. It is classically taught that rhinophyma is a disease that more commonly affects men, White people, and those in middle age.

Sequencing by Expansion (SBX) - a novel, high-throughput single-molecule sequencing technology.

Remarkable advances in high-throughput sequencing have enabled major biological discoveries and clinical applications, but achieving wider distribution and use depends critically on further improvements in scale and cost reduction. Nanopore sequencing has long held the promise for such progress, but has had limited market penetration. This is because efficient and accurate nanopore sequencing of nucleic acids has been challenged by fundamental signal-to-noise limitations resulting from the poor spatial resolution and molecular distinction of nucleobases.

Color-neutral and reversible tissue transparency enables longitudinal deep-tissue imaging in live mice.

Unlabelled: Light scattering in biological tissue presents a significant challenge for deep imaging. Our previous work demonstrated the ability to achieve optical transparency in live mice using intensely absorbing dye molecules, which created transparency in the red spectrum while blocking shorter-wavelength photons. In this paper, we extend this capability to achieve optical transparency across the entire visible spectrum by employing molecules with strong absorption in the ultraviolet spectrum and sharp absorption edges that rapidly decline upon entering the visible spectrum.

Altered inflammatory mucosal signatures within their spatial and cellular context during active ileal Crohn's disease.

Crohn's disease (CD) involves a complex intestinal microenvironment driven by chronic inflammation. While single-cell RNA sequencing has provided valuable insights into this biology, the spatial context is lost during single-cell preparation of mucosal biopsies. To deepen our understanding of the distinct inflammatory signatures of CD and overcome the limitations of single-cell RNA sequencing, we combined spatial transcriptomics of frozen CD surgical tissue sections with single-cell transcriptomics of ileal CD mucosa.

The Implementation of a Clinically-Based Electronic Medical Record in a Division I Sports Medicine Clinic: A Clinical Practice Report.

Clinical Problem: Implementation and sustainability of a clinical electronic medical record (EMR) allowing for multiple billable encounters in an athletic medicine practice.Environment: Division-I collegiate athletics clinic.Variables: For ATs to complete billable documentation clinicians must: use an electronic health record (EHR), understand and appropriately use Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases version 10 (ICD-10) codes, understand patient encounter types, Relative Value Units (RVUs), and the role of a service provider related to incident-to capability.

Health position paper and redox perspectives - Bench to bedside transition for pharmacological regulation of NRF2 in noncommunicable diseases.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a redox-activated transcription factor regulating cellular defense against oxidative stress, thereby playing a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Its dysregulation is implicated in the progression of a wide array of human diseases, making NRF2 a compelling target for therapeutic interventions. However, challenges persist in drug discovery and safe targeting of NRF2, as unresolved questions remain especially regarding its context-specific role in diseases and off-target effects.

The MEF2D::NCOA2 Fusion Defines a Distinct Emerging Vulvovaginal Myxoid Epithelioid Tumor with Smooth Muscle Differentiation.

MEF2D::NCOA2 fusion was recently reported in two vulvovaginal myxoid epithelioid smooth muscle tumors. We aimed to performed an integrated approach combining clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular profiling analyses, including targeted-RNA-sequencing, targeted-gene expression analysis profiling with clustering, DNA mutational analysis, and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) in a series of three MEF2D::NCOA2 fusion-associated vulvovaginal tumors, to better described this entity. The median age at diagnosis was 45 years.

ZEB1 transcription factor induces tumor cell PD-L1 expression in melanoma.

Tumor cells can evade antitumor immune response by expressing the PD-L1 ligand, leading to the inhibition of PD-1-expressing T lymphocytes. The mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 expression in cancer cells are imperfectly characterized. The transcription factor ZEB1, a major regulator of phenotype switching in melanoma cells, was shown to promote immune escape in melanoma by repressing T cell infiltration.

Mitochondrial priming and response to BH3 mimetics in "one-two punch" senogenic-senolytic strategies.

A one-two punch sequential regimen of senescence-inducing agents followed by senolytic drugs has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer. Unfortunately, cancer cells undergoing therapy-induced senescence (TIS) vary widely in their sensitivity to senotherapeutics, and companion diagnostics to predict the response of TIS cancer cells to a specific senolytic drug are lacking. Here, we hypothesized that the ability of the BH3 profiling assay to functionally measure the mitochondrial priming state-the proximity to the apoptotic threshold-and the dependencies on pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins can be exploited to inform the sensitivity of TIS cancer cells to BH3-mimetics.

Evaluating Long Term Outcomes Among Hispanic Kidney Transplant Recipients.

Rationale & Objective: Hispanics, the largest ethnic minority group in the US, experience faster progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to kidney failure compared to non-Hispanic White individuals (NHW). Hispanic individuals are less likely to be referred for transplant evaluation, to be listed for transplantation, and to receive a transplant. This study compared kidney transplant outcomes between Hispanic individuals and NHW individuals to gain insights into these health disparities.

Phase 1 study of IMCnyeso, a T cell receptor bispecific ImmTAC targeting NY-ESO-1-expressing malignancies.

IMCnyeso, an immune mobilizing monoclonal T cell receptor against cancer (ImmTAC) bispecific (New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma [NY-ESO]×CD3) T cell engager, targets an NY-ESO-1/L-antigen family member-1 isoform A (LAGE-1A) peptide presented by histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A∗02:01. In this phase 1 study, 28 HLA-A∗02:01+ patients with advanced NY-ESO-1/LAGE-1A-positive advanced tumors (n = 28) receive IMCnyeso weekly intravenously (dose range: 3-300 μg; 7 dose-escalation cohorts). The primary objective is to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D); additional objectives include preliminary anti-tumor activity, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and pharmacodynamic changes.

Accurate phenotyping of luminal A breast cancer in magnetic resonance imaging: A new 3D CNN approach.

Breast cancer (BC) remains a predominant and deadly cancer in women worldwide. By 2040, projections indicate that more than 3 million new cases of breast cancer will emerge annually, culminating in more than 1 million deaths worldwide. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of BC are critical factors that influence treatment success and patient outcomes.