Factors related to cervical cancer screening among women of childrearing age: a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample in Japan.

Background: This study aimed to determine the factors related to undergoing cervical cancer screening among Japanese women of childrearing age by focusing on the presence or absence of children.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample based on the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan. Data for women aged 20-39 were selected, and those whose number of children was unknown, whose youngest child was under 2 years or of unknown age, who were either hospitalized or institutionalized, and who were pregnant were excluded.

Loneliness among mothers raising children under the age of 3 years and predictors with special reference to the use of SNS: a community-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Loneliness in mothers raising children can adversely impact the health of their children and lead to child abuse, depression, and deterioration of mothers' health. Few studies to date have specifically assessed the association between loneliness and social factors, including the use of social network sites (SNSs), and personal factors. This study aimed to identify predictors of loneliness in mothers raising children, with special reference to SNS use.

A qualitative study on coping behaviors and influencing factors among mothers in Japan raising children under three years old while experiencing physical and mental subjective symptoms.

Background: No studies illustrating the coping behaviors of mothers experiencing physical and mental subjective symptoms, or the factors that contribute to these behaviors, have been investigated. Therefore, the present study sought to develop a conceptual framework on the coping behaviors and contributing factors of mothers experiencing physical and mental subjective symptoms.

Methods: This qualitative study involved theoretical sampling and semi-structured interviews of mothers who were raising children under 3 years of age in Japan and had experienced physical and mental subjective symptoms since giving birth.

Development of quality indicators for low-risk labor care provided by midwives using a RAND-modified Delphi method.

Background: In childbirth, most deliveries are low-risk, defined as spontaneous labor at full term without special high-risk facts or complications, especially in high-resource countries where maternal and perinatal mortality rates are very low. Indeed, the majority of mothers and infants have no serious conditions during labor. However, the quality of care provided is not assured, and performance may vary by birthing facility and provider.

Breastfeeding information in midwifery textbooks in Japan: content analysis with evaluation standards based on Delphi method.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate breastfeeding information in midwifery textbooks. Evaluation standards were developed in order to perform content analysis. A 3-round Delphi method using a panel of 32 midwives resulted in 36 evaluation items from the original 38 draft items based on 4 major international guidelines and statements on breastfeeding.