Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Zinc Oxide Eugenol and Endoflas as Obturating Materials Using Different Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth: An Study.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the apical microleakage of zinc oxide (ZOE) eugenol and Endoflas as obturating materials using different root canal irrigants in primary teeth.

Materials And Methods: A total of 80 extracted primary anterior teeth were divided randomly into four groups with different irrigants and obturating materials used. Group I [ZOE + sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)], group II [ZOE + NaOCI + ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)], group III (Endoflas FS + NaOCI), group IV (Endoflas FS + NaOCI + EDTA).

TDP-43-stratified single-cell proteomics of postmortem human spinal motor neurons reveals protein dynamics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

A limitation of conventional bulk-tissue proteome studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the confounding of motor neuron (MN) signals by admixed non-MN proteins. Here, we leverage laser capture microdissection and nanoPOTS single-cell mass spectrometry-based proteomics to query changes in protein expression in single MNs from postmortem ALS and control tissues. In a follow-up analysis, we examine the impact of stratification of MNs based on cytoplasmic transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43)+ inclusion pathology on the profiles of 2,238 proteins.

TDP-43-stratified single-cell proteomic profiling of postmortem human spinal motor neurons reveals protein dynamics in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Unbiased proteomics has been employed to interrogate central nervous system (CNS) tissues (brain, spinal cord) and fluid matrices (CSF, plasma) from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients; yet, a limitation of conventional bulk tissue studies is that motor neuron (MN) proteome signals may be confounded by admixed non-MN proteins. Recent advances in trace sample proteomics have enabled quantitative protein abundance datasets from single human MNs (Cong et al., 2020b).

Active States During the Reduction of CO by a MoS Electrocatalyst.

Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS are Earth-abundant catalysts that are attractive for many chemical processes, including the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). While many studies have correlated synthetic preparation and architectures with macroscopic electrocatalytic performance, not much is known about the state of MoS under functional conditions, particularly its interactions with target molecules like CO. Here, we combine Mo K- and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with first-principles simulations to track changes in the electronic structure of MoS nanosheets during CO2RR.

Comparative Evaluation of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations Using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An Study.

Aim: To investigate the cariostatic and remineralizing effect of two commercial silver diamine fluoride (SDF) preparations on enamel and dentinal caries using a plaque bacterial model.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-two extracted primary molars were divided into two groups ( = 16) as group I (Advantage Arrest) and group II (e-SDF). Plaque bacterial model was used to induce caries on enamel and dentin.

Comparison of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An study.

Aim: To investigate the cariostatic and remineralizing effect of two commercial silver diamine fluoride (SDF) preparations on enamel and dentinal caries using a bacterial plaque model.

Materials And Methods: A total of 32 extracted primary molars were divided into two groups ( = 16), group I (FAgamin), and group II (SDF). Plaque bacterial model was used to induce caries on enamel and dentin.

Non-Specific Signal Peptidase Processing of Extracellular Proteins in N315.

is one of the major community-acquired human pathogens, with growing multidrug-resistance, leading to a major threat of more prevalent infections to humans. A variety of virulence factors and toxic proteins are secreted during infection via the general secretory (Sec) pathway, which requires an N-terminal signal peptide to be cleaved from the N-terminus of the protein. This N-terminal signal peptide is recognized and processed by a type I signal peptidase (SPase).

In-Depth Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues with a Spatial Resolution of 50-200 μm.

Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are banked in large repositories to cost-effectively preserve valuable specimens for later study. With the rapid growth of spatial proteomics, FFPE tissues can serve as a more accessible alternative to more commonly used frozen tissues. However, extracting proteins from FFPE tissues is challenging due to cross-links formed between proteins and formaldehyde.

Interpretation of anomalously long crosslinks in ribosome crosslinking reveals the ribosome interaction in stationary phase .

Crosslinking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) of bacterial ribosomes revealed the dynamic intra- and intermolecular interactions within the ribosome structure. It has been also extended to capture the interactions of ribosome binding proteins during translation. Generally, XL-MS often identified the crosslinks within a cross-linkable distance (<40 Å) using amine-reactive crosslinkers.

Implications of conformational flexibility, lipid binding, and regulatory domains in cell-traversal protein CelTOS for apicomplexan migration.

Malaria and other apicomplexan-caused diseases affect millions of humans, agricultural animals, and pets. Cell traversal is a common feature used by multiple apicomplexan parasites to migrate through host cells and can be exploited to develop therapeutics against these deadly parasites. Here, we provide insights into the mechanism of the Cell-traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS), a conserved cell-traversal protein in apicomplexan parasites and malaria vaccine candidate.

Ultrasensitive single-cell proteomics workflow identifies >1000 protein groups per mammalian cell.

We report on the combination of nanodroplet sample preparation, ultra-low-flow nanoLC, high-field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), and the latest-generation Orbitrap Eclipse Tribrid mass spectrometer for greatly improved single-cell proteome profiling. FAIMS effectively filtered out singly charged ions for more effective MS analysis of multiply charged peptides, resulting in an average of 1056 protein groups identified from single HeLa cells without MS1-level feature matching. This is 2.

2D Copper Tetrahydroxyquinone Conductive Metal-Organic Framework for Selective CO Electrocatalysis at Low Overpotentials.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for electrocatalysis; however, lack of electrical conductivity in the majority of existing MOFs limits their effective utilization in the field. Herein, an excellent catalytic activity of a 2D copper (Cu)-based conductive MOF, copper tetrahydroxyquinone (CuTHQ), is reported for aqueous CO reduction reaction (CO RR) at low overpotentials. It is revealed that CuTHQ nanoflakes (NFs) with an average lateral size of 140 nm exhibit a negligible overpotential of 16 mV for the activation of this reaction, a high current density of ≈173 mA cm at -0.

High-Rate Long Cycle-Life Li-Air Battery Aided by Bifunctional InX (X = I and Br) Redox Mediators.

Redox mediators (RMs) are solution-based additives that have been extensively used to reduce the charge potential and increase the energy efficiency of Li-oxygen (Li-O) batteries. However, in the presence of RMs, achieving a long cycle-life operation of Li-O batteries at a high current rate is still a major challenge. In this study, we discover a novel synergy among InX (X = I and Br) bifunctional RMs, molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanoflakes as the air electrode, dimethyl sulfoxide/ionic liquid hybrid electrolyte, and LiTFSI as a salt to achieve long cycle-life operations of Li-O batteries in a dry air environment at high charge-discharge rates.

Quasi-Binary Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Alloys: Thermodynamic Stability Prediction, Scalable Synthesis, and Application.

Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDCs) alloys could have a wide range of physical and chemical properties, ranging from charge density waves to superconductivity and electrochemical activities. While many exciting behaviors of unary TMDCs have been demonstrated, the vast compositional space of TMDC alloys has remained largely unexplored due to the lack of understanding regarding their stability when accommodating different cations or chalcogens in a single-phase. Here, a theory-guided synthesis approach is reported to achieve unexplored quasi-binary TMDC alloys through computationally predicted stability maps.

A mitochondria-targeted single fluorescence probe for separately and continuously visualizing HS and Cys with multi-response signals.

Hydrogen sulfide and cysteine are momentous endogenous regulators of many physiological processes and maintain a dynamic balance of redox in living organisms. To investigate the inter-relationship of them in vivo, there is a pressing need to develop analytical molecular tools to identify related biomolecules. We construct a mitochondria-targeted single fluorescence probe (Mit-CM) for separately and continuously visualizing HS, Cys and HS/Cys with multi-response fluorescence signals.

Dual-Functional NIR AIEgens for High-Fidelity Imaging of Lysosomes in Cells and Photodynamic Therapy.

Design and synthesis of water-soluble near-infrared (NIR) emissive fluorescent molecules with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics, perfect signal-to-noise ratio for imaging of organelle, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) functions has received enormous attention. However, the dual-functional NIR AIEgens of high-fidelity tracking lysosome and ablation cancer cells was rarely reported. Herein, a series of AIE luminogens (AIEgens) with a typical AIE effect, good biocompatibility, superior photostability, high brightness, and excellent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability were developed, which had different electronic push-pull strength and conjugate system size in the molecular structure.

Modeling electrochemical oxidation and reduction of sulfamethoxazole using electrocatalytic reactive electrochemical membranes.

In this research, degradation of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was studied using electrochemical reduction and oxidation in single pass, flow-through mode using porous titanium suboxide (TiO) reactive electrochemical membranes (REMs) and Pd-Cu doped TiO REMs (Pd-Cu/TiO REMs). Electrochemical reduction of SMX increased from 3.8 ± 0.

A highly selective ratiometric fluorescent probe based on naphthalimide for detection and imaging of CYP1A1 in living cells and zebrafish.

Real-time monitoring of the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) activity in complex biological systems via a practical tool is highly sought after because of its significant role in the metabolism and bioactivation of various xenobiotics. Herein, according to slight differences in the 3D structure and substrate preference between CYP1A1 and its homologous CYP1A2, a series of novel ratiometric fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized using 1,8-naphthalimide because of its trait of naked-eye visualization and ratiometric fluorescence to achieve the detection of CYP1A1 in biological samples. Among these probes, NEiPN showed good water solubility, highly isoform selectivity and great sensitivity (LOD = 0.

A novel probe for colorimetric and near-infrared fluorescence detection of cysteine in aqueous solution, cells and zebrafish.

Cysteine(Cys) is tightly related to physiological and pathological of human, and the imbalance of concentration of cysteine in the intracellular are associated with many diseases. Here, a novel NIR fluorescent probe TCF-Cys was designed and synthesized, and both the optimal excitation and emission wavelength of them were between 650 and 900 nm, that within the "optical window" of biological tissues. In aqueous solution, TCF-Cys, which with an acrylate extremity as a recognizing unit, exhibited excellent "turn-on" fluorescence response for Cys superior to other amino acids and thiols with a limit of detection of 0.

Identification of N-terminal protein processing sites by chemical labeling mass spectrometry.

Rationale: Proteins undergo post-translational modifications and proteolytic processing that can affect their biological function. Processing often involves the loss of single residues. Cleavage of signal peptides from the N-terminus is commonly associated with translocation.

Impact of Amidination on Peptide Fragmentation and Identification in Shotgun Proteomics.

Peptide amidination labeling using S-methyl thioacetimidate (SMTA) is investigated in an attempt to increase the number and types of peptides that can be detected in a bottom-up proteomics experiment. This derivatization method affects the basicity of lysine residues and is shown here to significantly impact the idiosyncracies of peptide fragmentation and peptide detectability. The unique and highly reproducible fragmentation properties of SMTA-labeled peptides, such as the strong propensity for forming b fragment ions, can be further exploited to modify the scoring of peptide-spectrum pairs and improve peptide identification.

A Cross-sectional Study of Direct Immunofluorescence in the Diagnosis of Immunobullous Dermatoses.

Background: Autoimmune blistering diseases are a group of bullous disorders characterized by pathogenic antibodies directed at the target antigens, which are components of the desmosomes or adhesion complex at the dermoepidermal junction. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is invaluable in the diagnosis of these lesions.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of DIF in immunobullous dermatoses and to study the pattern of DIF.

Properties of NAD (P) H azoreductase from alkaliphilic red bacteria Aquiflexum sp. DL6.

Azoreductase plays a key role in bioremediation and biotransformation of azo dyes. It initializes the reduction of azo bond in azo dye metabolism under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. In the present study, we isolated an alkaliphilic red-colored Aquiflexum sp.

Enzymatic transformation of nitro-aromatic compounds by a flavin-free NADH azoreductase from Lysinibacillus sphaericus.

Azo dyes and nitro-aromatic compounds are the largest group of pollutants released in the environment as industrial wastes. They create serious health and environmental problems. Azoreductases catalyze the reduction of azo dyes and nitro compounds to their respective amines.