Correction: Enantioselective total synthesis of the unnatural enantiomer of quinine.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C9SC03879E.].

Enantioselective total synthesis of the unnatural enantiomer of quinine.

A practical enantioselective total synthesis of the unnatural (+)-quinine and (-)-9--quinine enantiomers, which are important organocatalysts, is reported. The key transformation is a successive organocatalytic formal aza [3 + 3] cycloaddition/Strecker-type cyanation reaction to form an optically active tetrasubstituted piperidine derivative. This organocatalytic reaction proceeded in high yield and gave excellent enantiomeric excess with only 0.

Improvement of metabolic disorders by an EP receptor agonist via restoration of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in pulmonary emphysema.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is often associated with co-morbidities. Metabolic disorders like hyperlipidemia and diabetes occur also in underweight COPD patients, although the mechanism is uncertain. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) plays an important role in energy homeostasis, since restricted capacity to increase fat cell number with increase in fat cell size occurring instead, is associated with lipotoxicity and metabolic disorders.

Transcriptional factors, Mafs and their biological roles.

The Maf family of transcription factors is characterized by a typical bZip structure; these transcription factors act as important regulators of the development and differentiation of many organs and tissues, including the kidney. The Maf family consists of two subgroups that are characterized according to their structure: large Maf transcription factors and small Maf transcription factors. The large Maf subgroup consists of four proteins, designated as MAFA, MAFB, c-MAF and neural retina-specific leucine zipper.

Risk factors associated with Barrett's epithelial dysplasia.

Aim: To elucidate risk factors associated with dysplasia of short-segment Barrett's esophagus (BE).

Methods: A total of 151 BE patients who underwent endoscopic examination from 2004 to 2008 in Aoyama Hospital, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan and whose diagnosis was confirmed from biopsy specimens were enrolled in the study. BE was diagnosed based on endoscopic findings of gastric-appearing mucosa or apparent columnar-lined esophagus proximal to the esophagogastric junction.

Low-dose aspirin delays gastric healing after Helicobacter pylori eradication.

Background And Aim: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and aspirin are the major causes of gastric injury, and eradication of H. pylori can restore mucosal injury such as gastric ulcer.

Toxic hepatitis induced by show-wu-pian, a Chinese herbal preparation.

Herbal preparations are widely available and often regarded by the public as harmless remedies for a variety of medical ailments. However, some of these products or their metabolites can cause adverse effects such as liver damage. In this case report a 53-year-old female taking shou-wu-pian for 8 months presented with acute hepatitis.

Production of secretory component and pathogenesis of gastric cancer in Helicobacter pylori-infected stomach.

The purpose of this study was to examine the production of secretory component (SC) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in the gastric mucosa with Helicobacter pylori infection and to investigate the influence of immunological reactions on various phases of infection (gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, gastric cancer). Production of SC and IgA was assessed by immunohistochemical staining in (1) endoscopic biopsy samples of H. pylori-eradicated cases (n = 25), and (2) surgically resected stomach tissues of H.

[Helicobacter pylori infection and histological types of gastric cancer].

The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and gastric cancer was evaluated clinicopathologically by histological types of gastric cancer (intestinal or diffuse type). Histological findings of resected stomach tissues and serum anti-H.

Endoscopy in the diagnosis of small intestinal tumors.

The importance of endoscopy in the diagnosis of small intestinal tumors was evaluated in 15 patients with small intestinal tumors treated in our hospital. Two tumors were benign, and 13 were malignant (carcinoma in 5 patients, malignant lymphoma in 5 and leiomyosarcoma in 3). The presence of lesions could be determined by X-rays before surgery, but definitive diagnoses were difficult.

Association of Helicobacter pylori and diffuse type gastric cancer.

The major purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of Helicobacter pylori and diffuse type gastric cancer (DGC) clinicopathologically (study 1). The second aim was to investigate genetic differences of H. pylori in patients with DGC and intestinal type cancer (IGC) (study 2).

Bacteria closely resembling Helicobacter pylori detected immunohistologically and genetically in resected gallbladder mucosa.

A microorganism with close immunohistological and genetic resemblance to Helicobacter pylori was found in the resected gallbladder mucosa of a 41-year-old woman. The woman was admitted to hospital complaining of fever and right hypochondrial pain. Cholecystectomy was carried out under the diagnosis of gallstones and cholecystitis.

Electronic Endoscopy in Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) of Gastric Cancer.

The role in which electronic endoscopy plays is important in EMR. It is useful in diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer from a clinical viewpoint. EMR with use of electronic endoscopy allows better coordination between the operator and assistants, and thus improves the results further.

[Clinico-pathological study of Helicobacter pylori in early gastric cancer].

The role of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in the pathogenesis of various gastric diseases is an important but unresolved issue. To investigate the association between Hp and the histological findings of the stomach in patients of early gastric cancer, the prevalence of Hp in gastric mucosa and the mucosal alterations were examined histo-pathologically in the surgically resected stomach of 30 cases with early gastric cancer. Serum IgG antibodies for Hp were determined in these cases.