Incidence, Prediction, and Prevention of Fractures After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review Protocol.

Background: Kidney transplant recipients are uniquely exposed to the disordered bone metabolism associated with chronic kidney disease beginning before transplantation followed by chronic corticosteroid use after transplantation. Previous efforts to synthesize the rapidly accruing evidence regarding estimation and management of fracture risk in kidney transplant recipients are outdated and incomplete.

Objective: To synthesize the evidence informing the overall incidence, patient-specific risk prediction, and methods of prevention of fractures in patient living with a kidney transplant.

Synthesis and structure determination of a synthetic cannabinoid CUMYL-THPINACA metabolite with differentiation between the ortho-, meta-, and para-hydroxyl positions of the cumyl moiety.

Synthetic cannabinoids, a type of new psychoactive substances, are likely to be rapidly metabolized; thus, the detection of their metabolites, rather than the parent compound, is a common method used to prove drug consumption. Although the analysis of metabolites is generally performed by mass spectrometry, it is limited to structural estimation because of few commercially available standards. In particular, distinguishing between positional isomers is difficult.

Rapid Determination of Preservatives in Cosmetics Using a Core-Shell Column.

Preservatives are frequently added to cosmetics to maintain product quality. Our laboratory quantifies 11 preservatives in cosmetics each year for regulatory purposes. In laboratories, many manufactures also analyze the preservatives in their products for quality control.

Energy conversion efficiency comparison of different aqueous and semi-aqueous CO electroreduction systems.

An energy conversion efficiency index, that is independent of the anode reaction performance, is proposed for CO reduction in aqueous and semi-aqueous systems. The energy conversion efficiency of CO reduction under 107 typical conditions was calculated based on the derived formula. Notably, the resulting efficiency trends of the reduction products differed from their faradaic efficiency trends.

A Simple Flow Injection Analysis-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Reduce False Positives of C5-Acylcarnitines Due to Pivaloylcarnitine Using Reference Ions.

Flow injection analysis−tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-TMS) has been applied in a first-tier test of newborn screening (NBS). Although isovalerylcarnitine (i-C5), which is a diagnostic indicator of isovaleric acidemia (IVA), is isobaric with pivaloylcarnitine (p-C5), 2-methylbutyrylcarnitine, and n-valerylcarnitine, these isomers cannot be distinguished by the FIA-TMS. There are many reports of false positives derived from p-C5 due to the use of pivalate-conjugated antibiotics.

Diagnosis of Mucopolysaccharidoses and Mucolipidosis by Assaying Multiplex Enzymes and Glycosaminoglycans.

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) and mucolipidosis (ML II/III) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) that occur due to a dysfunction of the lysosomal hydrolases responsible for the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). However, ML is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme uridine-diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal-enzyme-N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase, EC2.7.

Bevacizumab plus cisplatin/pemetrexed then bevacizumab alone for unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma: A Japanese safety study.

Aims: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Cisplatin plus pemetrexed is the only approved first-line treatment for patients with unresectable MPM. Recently, promising outcomes were observed with first-line bevacizumab combined with cisplatin/pemetrexed, leading to the recommendation of this regimen as a first-line treatment option for patients with MPM.

Validation of Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based 5-Plex Assay for Mucopolysaccharidoses.

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are rare lysosomal storage diseases caused by the accumulation of undegraded glycosaminoglycans in cells and tissues. The effectiveness of early intervention for MPS has been reported. Multiple-assay formats using tandem mass spectrometry have been developed.

Effect of an Enhanced Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Insulin on Mild and Progressive Memory Loss in the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse.

Insulin is now considered to be a new drug candidate for treating dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease, whose pathologies are linked to insulin resistance in the brain. Our recent work has clarified that a noncovalent strategy involving cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can increase the direct transport of insulin from the nasal cavity into the brain parenchyma. The present study aimed to determine whether the brain insulin level increased by intranasal coadministration of insulin with the CPP penetratin has potential for treating dementia.

The levels of urinary glycosaminoglycans of patients with attenuated and severe type of mucopolysaccharidosis II determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play important roles on the regulation of extracellular signaling, neuronal development, and cartilage maintenance. The extracellular concentration of total GAGs has been used as an established measure for the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs). Heparan sulfate (HS), Dermatan sulfate (DS) and chondroitin sulfate are known to be elevated in the GAGs under pathological conditions associated with MPS.

A selective detection of lysophosphatidylcholine in dried blood spots for diagnosis of adrenoleukodystrophy by LC-MS/MS.

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by an impaired beta-oxidation of very long chain fatty acids in the peroxisomes. Recent studies have suggested that 1-hexacosanoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (Lyso-PC 26:0) can be a sensitive biomarker for X-ALD. Although approximately 10-fold increase in the concentration of Lyso-PC 26:0 in DBSs from X-ALD-affected individuals were reported, whether the carriers might be distinguished from the healthy controls remained unclear.

Visualization and Quantitative Assessment of the Brain Distribution of Insulin through Nose-to-Brain Delivery Based on the Cell-Penetrating Peptide Noncovalent Strategy.

Our recent work suggested that intranasal coadministration with the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) penetratin increased the brain distribution of the peptide drug insulin. The present study aimed to distinctly certify the ability of penetratin to facilitate the nose-to-brain delivery of insulin by quantitatively evaluating the distribution characteristics in brain using radioactive (64)Cu-NODAGA-insulin. Autoradiography and analysis using a gamma counter of brain areas demonstrated that the accumulation of radioactivity was greatest in the olfactory bulb, the anterior part of the brain closest to the administration site, at 15 min after intranasal administration of (64)Cu-NODAGA-insulin with l- or d-penetratin.

Multi-locus genotyping of bottom fermenting yeasts by single nucleotide polymorphisms indicative of brewing characteristics.

Yeast plays a capital role in brewing fermentation and has a direct impact on flavor and aroma. For the evaluation of competent brewing strains during quality control or development of novel strains it is standard practice to perform fermentation tests, which are costly and time-consuming. Here, we have categorized DNA markers which enable to distinguish and to screen brewing strains more efficiently than ever before.

Acute renal failure after exercise in a Japanese sumo wrestler with renal hypouricemia.

Familial renal hypouricemia is a hereditary disease characterized by extraordinary high renal uric acid clearance and is associated with acute renal failure (ARF). An 18-year-old sumo wrestler developed ARF after anaerobic exercise. Several hours after the exercise, he had a pain in the loins with oliguria, headache, and nausea.

Glomerulonephritis induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection that progressed during puerperal period.

A 28-year-old Japanese woman developed fever, leg edema, purpura, and abdominal pain during the puerperal period, showing nephrotic syndrome with microscopic hematuria. At first she was thought to have Henoch-Shönlein purpura nephritis and was given steroids at another hospital. Because anasarca and massive urinary protein excretion developed, she was referred to our hospital.

Roles of coagulation pathway and factor Xa in rat mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis.

Tissue factor initiates the extrinsic coagulation pathway by activating coagulation factor X to factor Xa, and factor V is a cofactor for the prothrombin activation by factor Xa. As factor Xa is known to promote the proliferation of mesangial cells in culture, the roles of the coagulation pathway and factor Xa were studied in an animal model of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN). MsPGN was induced in Wistar rats by an intravenous injection of anti-Thy 1.

The Na+-excreting efficacy of indapamide in combination with furosemide in massive edema.

Background: Massive systemic edema is often observed in patients with severe nephrotic syndrome, including diabetic nephropathy. Although furosemide, a loop diuretic, is often administered to these patients, some patients do not respond to this treatment, still showing massive edema.

Methods: The efficacy of indapamide which has a thiazide-like effect on distal convoluted tubules in combination with furosemide, was evaluated in eight patients with massive edema, in regard to both Na+ excretion and diuresis.

Role of coagulation factor Xa and protease-activated receptor 2 in human mesangial cell proliferation.

Background: Fibrin deposition and mesangial cell proliferation are frequently observed in the active type of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. Coagulation factors, such as factor V and factor Xa are colocalized with fibrin in the mesangial areas in active type of IgA nephropathy with mesangial cell proliferation. In this study, therefore, we studied the role of factor Xa and its receptor, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in mesangial cell proliferation and fibrin deposition, and examined ant-proliferative effects of a specific factor Xa inhibitor, DX-9065a, in cultured human mesangial cells.