Effect of vitamin supplementation on serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein levels in male subjects with cardiovascular disease risk factors.

Objective(s): Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDLs) appear to play a significant role in atherogenesis. In fact, circulating ox-LDL concentrations have been recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The main objectives of this study were to assess the effects of antioxidant vitamins on ox-LDL as a biomarker of CVD in male subjects with CVD risk factors.

The effects of warm and cold intrathecal bupivacaine on shivering during delivery under spinal anesthesia.

Background: Shivering associated with neuraxial anesthesia is a common problem that is uncomfortable for patients; it is of unknown ethnology and has no definite treatment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of warm intrathecal bupivacaine stored at 23°C and cold intrathecal bupivacaine stored at 4°C on shivering during delivery under spinal anesthesia.

Methods: Seventy-eight parturient women scheduled for nonemergency cesarean delivery were enrolled in the study and separated into 2 groups.

Renal artery stenosis and its predictors in hypertensive patients undergoing coronary artery angiography.

Background: Renal artery stenosis (RAS) has been increasingly recognized in the recent years, especially in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). RAS affects the patients with hypertension (HTN), but the exact prevalence is not known.

Objectives: This study was performed to determine the prevalence and to identify the predictors of RAS in hypertensive patients undergoing coronary artery angiography.

Comparison the effects of oxytocin and methylergonovine in elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Purpose: In order to prevent postpartum hemorrhage in caesarean section under spinal anesthesia, patients routinely receive oxytocin. In this study we compared the efficacy of Methylergonovine and Oxytocin on hemodynamic stability and bleeding amount in caesarean section.

Materials And Methods: In this randomised controlled trial study, 80 patients candidate for elective caesarean section under spinal anesthesia divided to two groups: 40 patients in control group received oxytocin and 40 ones in case group received methylergonovine.

The Effect of Different Intrathecal Doses of Meperidine on Shivering during Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia.

Background: This study was performed to compare the effect of different doses of intrathecal meperidine on the incidence and intensity of shivering and other side-effects after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-six parturient women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were enrolled in four groups. Spinal anesthesia consisted of heavy bupivacaine 0.

Vitamin D receptor FokI genotype may modify the susceptibility to schizophrenia and bipolar mood disorder by regulation of dopamine D1 receptor gene expression.

Aim: This study is designed to test association of FOKI polymorphism in Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene and its potential effect on expression of dopamine D1 receptor in schizophrenia and bipolar mood disorder as well as in healthy individuals.

Methods: In this case-control study 196 patient with schizophrenia, 119 patients with bipolar mood disorder and 192 healthy individuals as the control group were recruited. All psychiatric disorders were diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria.

Increasing antimicrobial resistance among Shigella isolates in the Bushehr, Iran.

Antibiotics are drugs used for treatment of infections caused by bacteria. Misuse and overuse of these drugs have contributed to phenomena known as antibiotic resistance. In this research, the antimicrobial resistance of the Shigella has been determined.

Potential role of OPG/RANKL system and FokI genotypes in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations in multiple sclerosis.

Aim: The OPG/RANKL has identified role in immune system via T-cell-activating cytokines. Considering that immune mechanisms play a key role in the pathogenesis of MS, OPG/RANKL might be importance in the underlying mechanism of the disease. The aim of this study is to measure plasma levels of OPG and RANKL as well as to analyze VDR FokI polymorphism (rs2228570) in MS patients and healthy individuals to detect any potential correlation.

Obesity, inflammation and resting energy expenditure: possible mechanism of progranulin in this pathway.

Aim: The aim of the study was to measure circulating PGRN levels and to investigate its potential correlation with resting metabolic rate and obesity related complications. Moreover, to investigate on the PGRN and some important gene expressions in energy expenditure in vitro in samples of PBMCs derived from all participants of our study in a cellular model.

Methods: Of the 163 participants who were recruited for the current cross-sectional study, 37 (22.

Mutual role of PGRN/TNF-α on osteopenia developing in obesity's inflammation state.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of PGRN and other inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 and IL-17 in osteopenic and non-osteopenic obese subjects. Bone mineral density in subjects with different PGRN levels were compared to the appraisal of our hypothesis.

Methods: A total of 171 obese participants (BMI ≥30) were included in the study.

An exonic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α variation may mediate the resting energy expenditure through a potential regulatory role on important gene expression in this pathway.

Background/aims: We studied peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PPARGC1A) gene variations at the 23815227-23815706 positions and examined their possible correlation with obesity-related conditions and resting energy expenditure (REE). We investigated the expression of PPARGC1A, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which play key roles in cellular energy expenditure, in a cellular model consisting of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and compared them with various genotypes of the PPARGC1A gene.

Methods: In total, 100 normal-weight and 129 obese subjects participated in the current study.

Energy expenditure regulation via macrophage migration inhibitory factor in obesity and in vitro anti-macrophage migration inhibitory factor effect of Alpinia officinarum Hance extraction.

Objective: To compare the resting energy expenditure in different macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) genotypes and to identify the in vitro effects of Alpinia officinarum Hance extract (AOHE) on MIF expression in obese and nonobese persons.

Methods: In the fasting state, obese and nonobese persons were assessed for the measurement of resting energy expenditure rate (REE) by indirect calorimetry. We compared it with the expected amount ([REE measured by indirect calorimetry / predicted REE according to Harris Benedict equations] x 100).

VDR FokI polymorphism and its potential role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus and its complications.

The aim of the study is evaluating the associations of FokI vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and its relations with postpartum metabolic syndrome. In a cohort study, 303 women referred to outpatient clinic of Shariati Hospital. The VDR FokI genotypes were determined.

Genetic variation in macrophage migration inhibitory factor associated with gestational diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) polymorphism rs1007888 with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and its association with postpartum metabolic syndrome. In a case-control study, 147 GDM and 169 healthy pregnant patients were recruited. Blood sample was taken 2 times from all the participants; one at 24-28 weeks of gestation, second at 6-12 weeks of postpartum.

Patients' perspectives of the substitute decision maker: who makes better decisions?

Introduction: Substitute decision making on behalf of incapable patients is based on the ethical principle of 'respect for autonomy'. This study was conducted to assess patients' wishes and preferences in terms of a substitute decision maker and determinants of such preferences.

Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study and selected samples randomly from patients presenting at Farabi Eye Hospital clinics who were 18 years of age or older.

Evidence of a role of ANGPTL6 in resting metabolic rate and its potential application in treatment of obesity.

Aim: ANGPTL6 (Angiopoietin-related growth factor 6) is a circulating protein which is suggested to antagonize obesity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a potential relationship between fasting serum ANGPTL6 and resting metabolic rate (RMR) as well as the body composition in obese and subjects with normal weight.

Methods: Participants were 62 obese and 41 non-obese subjects who were assessed following an overnight fasting for RMR by means of indirect calorimetry.

Mixed infections of Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa EL Tor with Shigella dysenteriae.

Mixed infections caused by enteric pathogens such as bacteria, virus, protozoa and helminthes were reported in different literatures. This report also describes the co-infections caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa EL Tor with Shigella dysenteriae in a patient. A 36-year-old man was admitted in Fatemeh Zahra Hospital of Bushehr Iran with fever, vomiting and dysentery.

Inflammatory profile, age of onset, and the MTHFR polymorphism in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Both genetic and inflammatory factors are suspected in the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). Of genetic factors, the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism has been associated with increased levels of plasma homocysteine, a neuronal excitotoxic amino acid. Sclerotic patients also have elevated levels of plasma and CSF homocysteine.

The influence of folic acid supplementation on maternal and fetal bone turnover.

The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between maternal and fetal bone turnover markers and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy. In an observational study performed in Tehran University of Medical Sciences related hospitals, 113 healthy pregnant women with gestational age between 8 and 12 weeks and aged between 15 and 42 years were recruited and followed until delivery time. The participants were divided into two groups; women who took 1 mg of folic acid daily supplement from the beginning of the pregnancy until the end of the second trimester entered into group I and women who choose to continue their daily intake of folic acid until the delivery time entered into group II.

Visfatin genotype may modify the insulin resistance and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients.

Aim: We investigated the role of the -4689G/T promoter variant of the visfatin gene on serum visfatin concentration and biochemical markers in T2DM patient.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study we recruited 93 patients with type 2 diabetes. Laboratory and anthropometric measurements were included FBG, OGTT, HbA1C, lipid Profile, fasting serum visfatin, fasting serum insulin, weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR).

Association between retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations and gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of developing metabolic syndrome after pregnancy.

The aim of this study was to examine the association between plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the risk of developing metabolic syndrome after pregnancy. In a case-control study, 192 pregnant women (92 with GDM) were recruited. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed based on O'Sullivan and Mahan criteria.

Iranians' attitudes about possible human immunodeficiency virus transmission in dental settings.

We conducted a cross-sectional survey from October through December 2004 of 8,312 residents of Shiraz, Iran, to investigate Iranians' perceptions about undergoing dental treatment in dental offices where other patients or the dentist and/or dental assistants are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Most survey respondents (83%) had acceptable general knowledge about the mode of transmission of HIV and about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); however, many misconceptions were observed. A negative association was detected between the level of concern about contracting HIV/AIDS and the intention to continue treatment in services where patients with HIV/AIDS were also treated or where the dentist and/or dental assistants had HIV/AIDS.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practice of iranian dentists with regard to HIV-related disease.

Of 369 registered dentists in Fars province in Iran, 309 (83.7%) responded to a survey regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The level of knowledge was low and was correlated with years in practice, hours worked per week, and whether additional work in a governmental dental office was performed; only the last was significantly associated with adherence to relevant infection control recommendations.

Attitudes, beliefs, and infection control practices of Iranian dentists associated with HIV-positive patients.

Of the 309 private dental practitioners in Fars, Iran, surveyed most, 77.7% believed they had a professional duty to treat HIV-positive patients, with 61.4% expressing some level of discomfort about treating these patients, and 75.