Low presence of papillomavirus and its lack of correlation with clinicopathological factors in breast cancer: a case control study.

Background And Objectives: Breast cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm in women worldwide. There is evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may play a key role in breast cancer aggressiveness, but results are conflicting across studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of the HPV viral genome in benign and malignant breast tissue samples and its clinicopathological characteristics of cancer.

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus and Co-Infection with Epstein-Barr Virus in Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinomas.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most important malignancies, worldwide. Oncogenic viruses, such as human papilloma virus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), are linked to these cancers and studies suggest a possible interaction between HPV and EBV during co-infections to promote oncogenesis. Nonetheless, these reports are controversial and demand more investigations in this regard.

Frequency of Hepatitis B Virus infection among Patients before Chemotherapy Treatment.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important public health problem worldwide. Chronic HBV in patients undergoing chemotherapy and immunosuppressive treatment are at risk of HBV reactivation. The consequence of HBV reactivation in immunosuppressed patients may lead to liver failure and death.

Seronegative occult hepatitis C infection among hemodialysis patients: A prevalence study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OCI) among HD patients. Blood samples were taken from 79 HD patients and their sera were evaluated for the presence of anti-HCV. Both the sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were then checked for HCV RNA by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

Optimized extraction and quality evaluation of Niger seed oil via microwave-pulsed electric field pretreatments.

In this study, oil extraction from Niger seeds was evaluated with different microwave irradiation times (0-200 s) and pulsed electric fields (PEF) intensities (0-5 kV/cm) as pretreatments. Then, oil extraction was completed with a screw press at different rotation speeds (11-57 rpm). Quality parameters including extraction efficiency, acidity and peroxide values (PVs), chlorophyll, and phenolic contents along with fatty acid profiles and tocopherol levels of the extracted oils were determined as responses.

Molecular Identification of Free-Living Amoebae ( spp., spp. and spp.) Isolated from Un-improved Hot Springs, Guilan Province, Northern Iran.

Background: This study was conducted to determine the presence and molecular identify of , and in unimproved hot springs.

Methods: From Jul to Aug 2017, 54 water samples were collected from hot springs in different parts of the Guilan Province, North Iran. For the isolation of , and approximately 500 ml of the water samples were filtered through a cellulose nitrate membrane with a pore size of 0.

The AP-1 pathway; A key regulator of cellular transformation modulated by oncogenic viruses.

Cancer progression is critically associated with modulation of host cell signaling pathways. Activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling is one such pathway whose deregulation renders the host more susceptible to cancer development. Oncogenic viruses, including hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human papilloma virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus, are common causes of cancer.

Histone deacetylases in virus-associated cancers.

Oncogenic viruses are one of the most important causes of cancer worldwide. The pathogens contribute to the establishment of human malignancies by affecting various cellular events. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as histone modification methylation/demethylation, are one of the most critical events manipulated by oncogenic viruses to drive tumorigenesis.

Clofazimine: A useful antibiotic for drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Drug resistance is still the major threat to global tuberculosis (TB) control, and drug-resistant (DR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) strains have become the main challenge worldwide. Currently used antibiotics for treatment of DR-TB are often poorly tolerated and not sufficiently effective.

Evaluation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Regular Rabies Virus Vaccine Strains.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate Rabies virus vaccine strains. The obtained results may be helpful for vaccine producers and researchers to compare the strains with wild type and other vaccine strains and select the correct strain to challenge their products.

Methods: Fourteen rabies virus vaccine strains were compared with each other.

The influence of pulsed electric fields and microwave pretreatments on some selected physicochemical properties of oil extracted from black cumin seed.

Application of novel technologies such as microwave and pulsed electric fields (PEF) might increase the speed and efficiency of oil extraction. In the present research, PEF (3.25 kV/cm electric field intensity and 30 pulse number) and microwave (540 W for 180 s) pretreatments were used to study the process of oil extraction from black cumin () seeds.

Preparation and characterization of nano-SiO reinforced gelatin-k-carrageenan biocomposites.

The main goal of this study was to prepare bionanocomposites by combination of gelatin (10% w/v), k-carrageenan (0.5%) and nano-SiO (1, 3 or 5%). Then, mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus), gas permeability (water vapor, oxygen), water solubility, color, UV-vis transmission/absorbance, water vapor adsorption isotherms and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of nanocomposites were evaluated.

Viruses as key modulators of the TGF-β pathway; a double-edged sword involved in cancer.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a key network in cell signaling that controls vital processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and migration, thus acting as a double-edged sword in normal development and diseases, in particular organ fibrosis, vascular disorders, and cancer. Early in tumorigenesis, the pathway exerts anti-tumor effects through suppressing cell cycle and inducing apoptosis, while during late stages, it functions as a tumor promoter by enhancing tumor invasiveness and metastasis. This signaling pathway can be perturbed by environmental and genetic factors such as microbial interference and mutation, respectively.

Role of viruses in gastrointestinal cancer.

Gastrointestinal cancers are a global public health problem, which represent a vast majority of all cancer-caused deaths in both men and women. On the other hand, viral pathogens have been long implicated as etiological factors in the onset of certain human cancers, including gastrointestinal tumors. In this regard, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), and John Cunningham Virus (JCV) have been more strongly suggested to be involved in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis; so that, the association of HPV with oropharyngeal and anal cancers and also the association of EBV with gastric cancer have been etiologically confirmed by epidemiological and experimental investigations.

Drug-resistant gram-negative uropathogens: A review.

Urinary tract infection(UTI) caused by Gram-negative bacteria is the second most common infectious presentation in community medical practice. Approximately 150 million people are diagnosed with UTI each year worldwide. Drug resistance in Gram-negative uropathogens is a major global concern which can lead to poor clinical outcomes including treatment failure, development of bacteremia, requirement for intravenous therapy, hospitalization, and extended length of hospital stay.

Evaluation of the expression level of 12/15 lipoxygenase and the related inflammatory factors (CCL5, CCL3) in respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice model.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection during early childhood and imposes a great burden on patients, parents, and society. Disease is thought to be caused, at least partially, by an excessive immune response. Pulmonary leukocyte infiltration is the result of a coordinated expression of diverse chemokines with distinct cellular specificities.

Hydrophobicity, thermal and micro-structural properties of whey protein concentrate-pullulan-beeswax films.

In this research, effects of beeswax (BW) on functional properties of whey protein concentrates (WPC):pullulan (PUL) films were investigated. For this purpose, 0, 10, 20 and 30w/w(glycerol)% BW rates and 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30w/w% WPC:PUL ratios were applied. Films containing 70% WPC:30% PUL (WPC70) and 30% BW (BW30) justified the highest contact angle (92.

Application of image processing to assess emulsion stability and emulsification properties of Arabic gum.

This paper focuses on the development of an effective methodology to determine the optimum levels of independent variables leading to maximize stability of O/W emulsions containing Arabic gum, as a natural emulsifier and stabilizer. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the effect of Arabic gum content (2%, 5%, and 8% (w/w)), homogenization time (5, 12.5, and 20 min) and storage temperature (4, 22, and 40 °C).

Physical and mechanical properties in biodegradable films of whey protein concentrate-pullulan by application of beeswax.

Different ratios of whey protein concentrate (WPC):pullulan (PUL) (70:30, 50:50, 30:70%w/w) and various rates of beeswax (BW) (0, 10, 20, and 30%w/wglycerol) were applied to prepare biodegradable WPC-PUL films containing glycerol as a plasticizer, for the first time. Thickness, moisture content, water solubility, water vapour permeability, colour, and mechanical properties of prepared films were measured. Higher ratios of WPC:PUL led to more desirable physical and mechanical properties; in other words, lower rates of thickness, moisture content, water solubility and water vapour permeability, and higher elongations were achieved.

Thermal and antimicrobial properties of chitosan-nanocellulose films for extending shelf life of ground meat.

Chitosan-nanocellulose biocomposites were prepared from chitosan having molecular weight of 600-800 kDa, nanocellulose with 20-50 nm diameters and various levels of 30, 60 and 90% (v/wCHT) for glycerol. Agitation and sonication were used to facilitate even dispersion of particles in the polymer matrix. The nanocomposites were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and agar disc diffusion tests; finally, the film was applied on the surface of ground meat to evaluate its performance in real terms.

Optimization of physical and mechanical properties for chitosan-nanocellulose biocomposites.

Chitosan (CHT) is a biodegradable compound and has excellent performance in forming films; on the other hand, nanocellulose (NCL) crystals have low densities and are less expensive than other nanofillers. A novel and simple method was applied to develop CHT-NCL nanocomposite (NCP) from CHT powder of high molecular weight and NCL particles having two dimensions in nanoscale; a rotor stator and an ultrasound device were used to separate different nanolayers from each other and facilitate their dispersion into polymer matrix. The optimized NCP indicated superior mechanical properties compared with some synthetic films; approximate values of 47% elongation-at-break, 245MPa tensile strength and 4430MPa Young's modulus were achieved.