Air Leak Syndrome In Patients With Severe Covid Pneumonia.

Abstract: There are number of emerging studies that link the air leak syndrome (ALS) with COVID 19 disease but still data to explain the association, incidence and outcome in these patients is lacking. We aim to understand the risk factors and clinical outcome of these air leakage events in COVID 19 patients admitted to our institution.

Methods: This is a single-centered case series conducted at the COVID unit of the SMBBIT in Karachi, Pakistan.

Airway fires during surgery: Management and prevention.

Airway fires pose a serious risk to surgical patients. Fires during surgery have been reported for many years with flammable anesthetic agents being the main culprits in the past. Association of airway fires with laser surgery is well-recognized, but there are reports of endotracheal tube fires ignited by electrocautery during pharyngeal surgery or tracheostomy or both.

Fracture toughness testing: A discriminatory mechanical testing performance indicator for glass-ionomer restoratives?

Objectives: To investigate the single-edge notched (SEN) bend fracture toughness (KIC) testing methodology as a reproducible and discriminatory mechanical testing protocol for encapsulated and hand-mixed glass-ionomers (GI).

Methods: SEN bend test-pieces (35.0±0.

Conventional glass-ionomer materials: A review of the developments in glass powder, polyacid liquid and the strategies of reinforcement.

Objectives: The development of glass-ionomers (GIs) from the earliest experimental GI formulations to the modern day commercially available GIs was reviewed. The aim of the review was to identify the developments in the glass powder and polyacid liquid constituents of GIs since their inception in the late 1960s.

Data: The glass powder has undergone major changes from the earliest GI powder formulation (G200) in an effort to enhance the reactivity with the polyacid liquid.

A discriminatory mechanical testing performance indicator protocol for hand-mixed glass-ionomer restoratives.

Objectives: To identify a reproducible and discriminatory mechanical testing methodology to act as a performance indicator for hand-mixed glass-ionomer (GI) restoratives.

Methods: Groups of 20 (five batches of four) cylinders (6.0±0.

Hertzian indentation testing of glass-ionomer restoratives: A reliable and clinically relevant testing approach.

Objectives: To investigate the load to failure of encapsulated posterior glass-ionomer (GI) restoratives tested under Hertzian indentation and to explore the validity and reproducibility of the test results achieved for consideration of inclusion as an ISO testing protocol.

Methods: Groups of 20 disc-shaped specimens (10.0±0.