An Unusual Presentation of Syncope in an Elderly Male Leading to a Diagnosis of an Anomalous Right Coronary Artery.

Various coronary artery anomalies have been identified in modern literature with most being benign in nature. Generally, these anomalous vessels are clinically silent due to their non-obstructive or benign course. It is vital to identify patients with malignant courses of these vessels as their initial presenting symptom might be sudden cardiac death.

Skeletal Dysplasia: A Case Report.

This paper presents a rare case of fetal hydrops detected at just 23 weeks of gestation in a 22-year-old woman's first pregnancy. The fetal ultrasound revealed severe skeletal anomalies, craniofacial deformities, and thoracic abnormalities, suggesting a complex and severe skeletal dysplasia, potentially type IA Achondrogenesis-a lethal autosomal recessive condition marked by ossification delay. This case highlights the significance of advanced genetic testing, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), in diagnosing and understanding skeletal dysplasias.

Dry eye disease and ocular surface characteristics in patients with keratoconus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the ocular surface alterations in patients with mild or severe keratoconus (KC).

Methods: A total of 80 participants were included in the study. The corneal topography was performed on each participant using Pentacam and the grouping was done accordingly.

Evaluation of Compliance Issues to Anti-glaucoma Medications Before and After a Structured Interventional Program.

Background Glaucoma is one of the most common eye diseases in the elderly and the major cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide. Adherence to life-long therapies is crucial to prevent glaucoma progression. The current study aims to assess the educational element and its impact on glaucoma medication compliance over short and long periods.

The Effect of a Structured Gastroenteritis Discharge Management Plan on Compliance, Prognosis, and Parents' Satisfaction.

Background: Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common causes of dehydration in children. Parents' education is an essential part of its management. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of discharge instructions in the pediatric emergency department for parents of children with acute gastroenteritis, together with disease prognosis and parents' satisfaction.

The outcomes of intravitreal CF gas tamponade combined with laser photocoagulation treatment for optic disc pit maculopathy.

Purpose: To share the anatomical results and visual outcomes of intravitreal gas tamponade combined with laser photocoagulation treatment for optic disc pit maculopathy (ODPM).

Methods: Intravitreal gas tamponade combined with laser photocoagulation treatment was performed on six consecutive patients with ODPM. A 0.

The Causes and Frequency of Monocular and Binocular Blindness in Adults Applying to the Health Committee of a University Hospital in Central Anatolia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of blindness and the pathologies that cause blindness in the Konya province of Turkey.

Materials And Methods: The records of individuals over 18 years of age who applied to the health committee of Meram School of Medicine Hospital between January 2015 and December 2018 were evaluated retrospectively.

Results: After reviewing the records of 4,268 applicants, a total of 222 applicants were included in the study (159 patients with monocular blindness, 63 patients with binocular blindness).

Arterio-Duodenal Fistula: A Rare Complication of Laparoscopic Choledochal Cyst Excision.

Choledochal cysts (CDC) are rare biliary tract anomalies characterized by congenital dilatation of the extrahepatic and/or intrahepatic bile ducts. CDC excision with hepatico-enterostomy is the preferred surgery in modern era. Perioperative blood loss in a case of laparoscopic choledochal cyst excision (LCCE) is usually minimal and managed by conservative treatment such as blood transfusion and correction of coagulation factors.

Ocular-symptoms-related Google Search Trends during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the daily relative search volume (RSV) of keywords related to coronavirus and ocular symptoms, and the numbers of the daily coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) new cases and new deaths in Europe using Google Trends (GT).

Methods: The RSVs of the selected keywords related to coronavirus and ocular symptoms between 24 January and 1 June 2020 in the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Germany and Turkey were accessed from GT. The numbers of daily COVID-19 new cases and new deaths in the same time interval in the aforementioned countries were compared with the RSVs of the keywords and terms.

Subclinical inner retinal layer thickness changes in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral central retinal artery occlusion: a pilot study.

Purpose: To investigate microstructural changes in the macular inner retinal layers over time in the fellow eyes of patients with unilateral central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO).

Methods: Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans of 16 patients with CRAO were performed at initial examination (1st day), at 1st month, at 3rd month, at 6th month, and the central macular thickness (CMT) and inner retinal layer thicknesses in the fellow eyes of the patients were compared between each visit. The thicknesses of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and inner nuclear layer (INL) were calculated in 9 quadrants according to the definition by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study.

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa with fibrolipomatous hamartoma of medial plantar nerve and lipomatosis of thigh.

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (MDL) is a rare congenital non-hereditary condition characterised by an abnormal overgrowth of mesenchymal tissue of a digit or an extremity. Although MDL is interchangeably described by terms such as macrodactyly and macrosomia, the entity has to be differentiated from other acquired and hereditary causes of macrodactyly. Rare association with osteochondromas and lipomas in other parts of the body has also been reported.

The Frequency and Causes of Blindness in a Rural Region of Central Anatolia of Turkey.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and primary causes of blindness in adults aged 18 years and more in Sarıkaya rural region of Yozgat, Turkey, to contribute to the epidemiologic information about blindness in our country.

Materials And Methods: Patients who were examined between October 2016 and March 2017 in Sarıkaya State Hospital, Clinic of Ophthalmology, were prospectively investigated. Demographic and ophthalmic examination data, presented visual acuities (VA), primary causes of blindness, and monocular blindness were recorded.

Assessment of Monocyte/HDL Ratio in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion.

: The purpose of this article was to evaluate monocyte count and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and their ratio (monocyte/HDL ratio [MHR]) in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).: A total of 50 participants were included in the study. Participants were divided into two groups: Twenty-five patients diagnosed with BRVO and 25 participants as the control group.

Monocyte/HDL Ratio and Lymphocyte/Monocyte Ratio in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome.

To evaluate the association between monocyte count/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio (MHR) and lymphocyte count/monocyte count ratio (LMR) with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG). A total of 63 participants included in the study. Participants were divided into three groups.

The Effects of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Drugs on Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Culture.

Objectives: To assess the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs on retinal pigment epithelium cell culture.

Materials And Methods: Aflibercept (0.5 mg/mL), bevacizumab (0.

Ocular complications after cosmetic periocular diode laser application to the eyelids.

A 25-year-old woman underwent diode laser application on the both upper eyelids in the dermatology department of a private hospital to obtain a cosmetic healing of the reddish look on her eyelids without any protective lenses. The patient experienced severe uveitis, atonic pupils, raised intraocular pressure, and increased sensitivity to light in her eyes on the following day of the procedure. Topical steroids and pressure-lowering agents were able to treat the acute uveitis and glaucoma, unfortunately the patient suffered from irreversible atonic and atrophic pupils and photosensitivity.

Evaluation of Retinal Changes in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Parkinson Disease.

Background: Differentiating Parkinson disease (PD) from progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) can be challenging early in the clinical course. The aim of our study was to see if specific retinal changes could serve as a distinguishing feature.

Methods: We used spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) with automatic segmentation to measure peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness and the thickness and volume of retinal layers at the macula.

Longitudinal assessment of sputum microbiome by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis patients.

Background: Bronchiectasis is accompanied by chronic bronchial infection that may drive disease progression. However, the evidence base for antibiotic therapy is limited. DNA based methods offer better identification and quantification of microbial constituents of sputum than standard clinical culture and may help inform patient management strategies.

IS THERE A ROLE OF ACTH IN INCREASED CHOROIDAL THICKNESS IN CUSHING SYNDROME?

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with Cushing syndrome (CS) with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with CS and 38 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this observational cross-sectional study. Patients with newly diagnosed CS who have been admitted to Erciyes University Department of Endocrinology in 3 years time interval were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers.

Differences in Central Corneal Thickness between Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography and Ultrasound Pachymetry in Patients with Dry Eye Disease.

Purpose. To compare central corneal thickness (CCT) values via Spectral Domain-Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) and ultrasonic pachymetry in patients with severe dry eye disease (DED) to determine the level of agreement between these 2 methods. Methods.

Ocular symptoms as the initial signs of zinc deficiency.

A 2-year-old boy with a history of food allergy presented with severe edema and erythema, excoriations and honey-colored crusting on both lower eyelids, and erythematous rash on his perioral region. An evaluation for micronutrient deficiencies revealed low plasma zinc level. The patient was started on a regimen of zinc supplementation, and at 4 weeks' follow-up there was nearly complete resolution of the lesions.

Genetic fine mapping and genomic annotation defines causal mechanisms at type 2 diabetes susceptibility loci.

We performed fine mapping of 39 established type 2 diabetes (T2D) loci in 27,206 cases and 57,574 controls of European ancestry. We identified 49 distinct association signals at these loci, including five mapping in or near KCNQ1. 'Credible sets' of the variants most likely to drive each distinct signal mapped predominantly to noncoding sequence, implying that association with T2D is mediated through gene regulation.

Effects of chronic smoking on color vision in young subjects.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of chronic smoking on color vision in young subjects.

Methods: This study included 91 smokers and 88 non-smokers (a total of 179 volunteers) without any ophthalmologic and systemical disorders. The subjects were between 18-40 years of age with a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20, normal anterior and posterior segment examinations and normal intraocular pressure.