The effects of fasting and dehydration on pupillary light reflex as detected by pupillometry.

The pupillary light reflex could serve as a valuable method for measuring dynamic responses in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). However, it remains unclear whether physiological conditions such as fasting and dehydration affect pupillary reflexes. In this study, we investigated the effects of fasting and dehydration on pupillary responses using pupillometry.

The impact of family history on corneal donation and transplantation attitudes: a survey-based study.

Objective: To assess how having a first-degree relative who underwent corneal transplantation influenced people's attitudes regarding corneal donation and transplantation.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted between March 15 and April 15, 2023, in the Ophthalmology outpatient department and cornea division of Necmettin Erbakan University Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Konya, Turkiye, and comprised first-degree relatives of patients who had undergone corneal transplantation in group A and controls matched age and gender without family history of transplantation in group B. All the participants filled out a 13-item survey form regarding socio-demographic characteristics and their perspectives on corneal transplantation and donation.

Can Inactivated Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Cause Bilateral Neurotrophic Keratopathy?

Purpose: To present a case of bilateral neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) following an inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine administration.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 46-year-old female patient was referred to our cornea department with unhealing corneal epithelial defects in both eyes.

Predicting the effectiveness of binaural beats on working memory.

Working memory is vital for short-term information processing. Binaural beats can enhance working memory by improving attention and memory consolidation through neural synchronization. However, individual differences in cognitive and neuronal functioning affect effectiveness of binaural beats, necessitating personalized approaches.

Ophthalmologists' perspectives on corneal transplantation and donation: a survey from Türkiye.

Purpose: To evaluate ophthalmologists' interest and opinions regarding corneal transplantation and donation in Türkiye.

Material And Methods: An online questionnaire was prepared using Google Forms, and the electronic link to this questionnaire was sent via WhatsApp to ophthalmologists working in Türkiye. Eighteen open-ended/multiple-choice questions were asked about ophthalmologists' demographic information and their opinions regarding corneal transplantation and donation.

Corneal innervation changes ın Alzheimer's: implications for sensory dysfunction.

Purpose: To compare, between Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and healthy individuals, corneal subbasal nerve plexus (CSNP) parameters and corneal sensitivities.

Methods: Twenty-two patients who were followed up with Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer's group) and 18 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals (control group) were included in this cross-sectional study. CSNP parameters, including nerve fiber length (NFL), nerve fiber density (NFD), and nerve branch density (NBD), were evaluated using in vivo confocal microscopy.

Heat Stroke Leading to a Fatal Outcome.

Heat stroke (HS) can cause several physiological changes in the body. In its most severe form, it can cause multi-organ failure including encephalopathy, circulatory shock, liver failure, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and rhabdomyolysis among others. HS is a preventable condition; however, it can be life-threatening in severe forms.

Dry eye disease and ocular surface characteristics in patients with keratoconus.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the ocular surface alterations in patients with mild or severe keratoconus (KC).

Methods: A total of 80 participants were included in the study. The corneal topography was performed on each participant using Pentacam and the grouping was done accordingly.

Evaluation of the Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Pterygium: Monocyte-to- High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Hematologic Indexes of Inflammation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate systemic inflammation in patients with pterygium using the monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (MHR) and hematologic indexes of inflammation.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with primary pterygium and 31 age-and sex-matched healthy participants were enrolled in this retrospective study. The MHR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-eosinophil ratio, mean platelet volume-to-platelet count ratio, platelet distribution width, and red cell distribution width were compared between the two groups.

Quantitative assessment of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus of post-COVID-19 patients using in vivo confocal microscopy.

Objectives: To investigate whether SARS-CoV-2 causes morphological changes in the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (CSNP) of post-COVID-19 patients using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Methods: A total of 70 participants were included in the study and were divided into three groups. Post-COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations were considered Group 1 (n = 24), and post-COVID-19 patients without neurological manifestations were considered Group 2 (n = 24).

The outcomes of intravitreal CF gas tamponade combined with laser photocoagulation treatment for optic disc pit maculopathy.

Purpose: To share the anatomical results and visual outcomes of intravitreal gas tamponade combined with laser photocoagulation treatment for optic disc pit maculopathy (ODPM).

Methods: Intravitreal gas tamponade combined with laser photocoagulation treatment was performed on six consecutive patients with ODPM. A 0.

The Causes and Frequency of Monocular and Binocular Blindness in Adults Applying to the Health Committee of a University Hospital in Central Anatolia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of blindness and the pathologies that cause blindness in the Konya province of Turkey.

Materials And Methods: The records of individuals over 18 years of age who applied to the health committee of Meram School of Medicine Hospital between January 2015 and December 2018 were evaluated retrospectively.

Results: After reviewing the records of 4,268 applicants, a total of 222 applicants were included in the study (159 patients with monocular blindness, 63 patients with binocular blindness).

Ligamentous constraint of the first carpometacarpal joint.

To examine the role of the ligaments in maintaining stability of the first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, a sequential ligament sectioning study of sixteen specimens was performed. While a small compressive force was maintained, loads were applied to displace each specimen in four directions - volar, dorsal, radial, and ulnar. Translations of the specimen in both dorsal-volar and radial-ulnar axes were measured.

Conjunctival impression cytology and tear film parameters in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: To evaluate conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) findings and tear film parameters in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with controls.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with MS (MS group) and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included in this cross-sectional comparative study. CIC grades, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer 1 test results, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores were compared between the two groups, and correlations between CIC grade, TBUT, Schirmer 1 test result, OSDI score, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, and disease duration were analyzed.

Tear Function Alterations and Conjunctival Impression Cytology Findings in Patients With Gout.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the tear functions and conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) findings of patients with gout and compare them with healthy controls.

Methods: Thirty-four patients with gout (group 1) and 32 age-matched and gender-matched healthy individuals (group 2) were included in this cross-sectional study. Schirmer 1 test, tear breakup time (TBUT), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, and CIC grade were evaluated and compared between the groups.

The ocular surface findings in alopecia areata patients: clinical parameters and impression cytology.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of alopecia areata (AA) on the ocular surface and conjunctival cytology.

Methods: A total of 48 subjects were included in the present study. Twenty-three subjects were assigned to group 1 as the patient group, and 25 healthy individuals were included in group 2 as the control group.

Ganglion cell complex thickness changes in patients with different states of bipolar disorder.

Objectives: Neuroimaging studies in patients with bipolar disorder have suggested that a neuropathological process may be effective in this disease. Neurodegenerative changes in the retina can be followed by optical coherence tomography, a non-invasive imaging method that allows in vivo visualization of the retinal layers. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible differences in optical coherence tomography parameters during euthymic, manic, and depressive episodes in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder.

Ocular-symptoms-related Google Search Trends during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between the daily relative search volume (RSV) of keywords related to coronavirus and ocular symptoms, and the numbers of the daily coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) new cases and new deaths in Europe using Google Trends (GT).

Methods: The RSVs of the selected keywords related to coronavirus and ocular symptoms between 24 January and 1 June 2020 in the United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Germany and Turkey were accessed from GT. The numbers of daily COVID-19 new cases and new deaths in the same time interval in the aforementioned countries were compared with the RSVs of the keywords and terms.

Evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with keratoconus.

Objective: To investigate the monocyte-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio (MHR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), eosinophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (ELR), platelet distribution width (PDW), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), MPV to platelet count ratio (MPV/PC), and RDW to platelet ratio (RPR) that are accepted as inflammatory markers in patients with keratoconus.

Methods: In this study, 43 patients with keratoconus and 43 healthy individuals as the control group were retrospectively evaluated. High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, platelet, MPV, PDW, and RDW values were obtained with complete blood count performed on the peripheral blood samples.

Machine learning in primary care: potential to improve public health.

It is estimated that missed opportunities for diagnosis occur in 1 in 20 primary care appointments. This is not only detrimental to individual patients, but also to the healthcare system as health outcomes are affected and healthcare expenditure inevitably increases. There are many potential solutions to limit the number of missed opportunities for diagnosis and management, one of which is through the use of artificial intelligence.

Pelvic actinomycosis presenting as a single episode of postmenopausal bleeding in a 60-year-old woman whose intrauterine contraceptive device had been removed 10 years previously: A case report.

Actinomycosis is a rare opportunistic infection caused by bacteria entering tissue through a disruption in the normal mucosal barrier and spreading in a slow, progressive manner. Patients often present with mass lesions and abscesses which mimic malignancy. We present the case of a 60-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented with a single episode of spotting with no other symptoms.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in Pregnancy: A Review.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of connective tissue disorders that can result in a range of complications during pregnancy. Pregnant EDS patients generally have a favourable outcome, but those with vascular EDS are more likely to suffer from severe maternal complications. Early diagnosis of EDS and subtype characterization can aid in pre-pregnancy counselling, planning of antenatal care, risk assessment of obstetric and neonatal complications, and influence both obstetric and anaesthetic management of these patients.