Dairy consumption and vitamin D concentration in adolescents with challenge-confirmed cow's milk allergy during infancy.

Background/objectives: Milk is an important source of dietary calcium and, if fortified, vitamin D. Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is treated with a milk elimination diet. Although most children become tolerant by age 3 years, some continue dairy avoidance.

Allergic symptoms and sensitisation in adolescents with cows' milk allergy and atopic eczema in infancy.

Background: The association between atopic sensitisation, atopic eczema (AE) and asthma is known, but distinct roles of allergies on long-term health are unestablished.

Objective: Evaluation of allergic symptoms and sensitisation in adolescents who in infancy had AE and verified cows' milk allergy (CMA) or AE and a negative CMA challenge, and controls.

Methods: Children with AE, with and without CMA, from a randomised controlled study in 1999-2001 examining the effect of probiotics on AE severity at older than 12 months of age, attended a follow-up visit at age 16 to 18, with age-matched controls.

Cow's milk and ovalbumin-specific IgG and IgA in children with eczema: low β-lactoglobulin-specific IgG4 levels are associated with cow's milk allergy.

Tolerance to allergens may partly depend on allergen-specific IgG and IgG subclasses and IgA antibodies. We investigated whether specific IgG and IgG subclasses and IgA antibodies to β-lactoglobulin, α-casein, and ovalbumin differed between infants who had verified cow's milk allergy (CMA) and infants with cow's milk (CM)-associated eczema, but negative CM oral challenge. The study population comprised 95 infants with clinical eczema that was by history associated with the consumption of CM.

Cow's milk allergy is associated with changes in urinary organic acid concentrations.

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is the most common form of food allergy affecting 2.5% of children, but the diagnosis is often difficult. Both intestinal microbiota and barrier function seem to be disturbed in patients with food allergies, and administration of probiotics has been shown to normalize intestinal microbiota and alleviate symptoms.

Induction of inflammation as a possible mechanism of probiotic effect in atopic eczema-dermatitis syndrome.

Background: The immunomodulating mechanisms of Lactobacillus GG (LGG) and other probiotics are poorly understood.

Objective: We studied in vivo the immunologic effects of probiotics in infants with atopic eczema-dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) and cow's milk allergy (CMA).

Methods: Two hundred thirty infants with AEDS and suspected CMA received, concomitant with elimination diet, either LGG, a mixture of 4 probiotic strains (MIX), or placebo for 4 weeks.

Probiotic effects on faecal inflammatory markers and on faecal IgA in food allergic atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome infants.

Probiotic bacteria are proposed to alleviate intestinal inflammation in infants with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) and food allergy. In such infants we investigated effects of probiotic bacteria on faecal IgA, and on the intestinal inflammation markers tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), alpha1-antitrypsin (AT), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). A total of 230 infants with AEDS and suspected cow's milk allergy (CMA) received in a randomized double-blinded manner, concomitant with elimination diet, Lactobacillus GG (LGG), a mixture of four probiotic strains (MIX), or placebo for 4 wk.

Lactobacillus GG effect in increasing IFN-gamma production in infants with cow's milk allergy.

Background: Probiotic bacteria are potentially beneficial to maturation of the infant's immune system.

Objective: To examine the role of probiotic bacteria in treatment of cow's milk allergy (CMA) and IgE-associated dermatitis, we investigated the immunologic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and a mixture of 4 bacterial species (MIX).

Methods: In a randomized, double-blind study design, concomitantly with elimination diet and skin treatment, LGG, MIX, or placebo was given for 4 weeks to infants with suspected CMA.