Importance of legal regulations resulting from technical harmonization in the European Union for improvement of work safety of farmers in Poland.

Introduction And Objective: Accidents exert a negative effect on the quality and standard of living of rural inhabitants, especially when they make it impossible to continue work on a farm, or this work may be performed only to a limited extent. The creation of effective legal mechanisms which would guarantee the safety of operation of machinery is a crucial issue, it is of a preventive character and considerably limits the number of accidents. Approximately 16.

Changes of cytotoxicity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy made by DMLS technology as effect of the shot peening.

Objective: The aim the study was to investigate the impact of the shot peening process on the condition of the surface layer and biological properties of titanium alloy produced by means of the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) method.

Material And Methods: Specimens were prepared by the EOSINT M280 metal sintering laser system. The surfaces were subjected to the shot peening process using three different media, i.

Effectiveness of tuberculosis prophylaxis in patients with HIV/AIDS - retrospective analysis of data from Almaty, Kazakhstan, 2010-2015.

Introduction: According to data from the National Centre for Prevention and Control of AIDS, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, 45.8% of patients in the symptomatic stages of HIV infection are diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) which is the cause of death in 36% of patients infected with HIV.

Objective: The aim of the study was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the effectiveness of tuberculosis (TB) chemoprophylaxis among people living with HIV in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) in Central Asia.

Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of tuberculosis prophylaxis in patients with HIV/AIDS treated with isoniazid.

Introduction: The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus has had a tremendous effect on the epidemic of tuberculosis. Together with the spread of HIV, a great increase has been observed in morbidity due to tuberculosis, both in endemic countries and in those where earlier, as a result of treatment, the frequency of occurrence of tuberculosis had decreased. In 2018, the WHO data demonstrated that the EECA region was the only region worldwide where the epidemics of HIV was still rapidly increasing.

Risk factors for work-related eczema and urticaria among vocational students of agriculture.

Introduction And Objective: Farmers are at high risk of occupational skin diseases which may start already during vocational training. This study was aimed at identification of risk factors for work-related skin diseases among vocational students of agriculture.

Material And Methods: The study involved 440 students (245 males, 195 females aged 17-21 years) in 11 vocational schools which were at least 100 km from each other.

Psychosocial aspect of quality of life among working and unemployed nurses and midwives.

Objective: The objective of the study was to explain differences in the subjective evaluation of the psychological and social aspects of quality of life in a group of working and unemployed nurses and midwives.

Material And Methods: The survey was conducted in a group of 620 professionally-active and inactive people (315 nurses and 305 midwives), selected by random stratified-systematic sampling. The tool used to gather empirical material was the standardized questionnaire WHOQoL-100.

Evaluation of communication and acceptance of the patients by medical personnel.

Background: The low level of patient satisfaction recorded in many studies and, at the same time, the level of frustration and burnout, disclosed by medics in the perception of the patient as a ‘problem’, incline to look for the causes of inadequate relationship between physician and patient.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of acceptance of the patient by the medical personnel. The research problem was the acceptance level which was within the range of the communication skills of the nurses and doctors.

The interaction between menstrual cycle, Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha receptors and sex hormones in healthy non-obese women--results from an observational study.

There is growing evidence that TNF-alpha and its two receptors play an important role in hormonal regulation, metabolism, inflammation and cancer. The biological effects of TNF-alpha are mediated by two receptors, p55 and p75. The aim of this study was to analyze serum concentrations of p55 and p75 and hormonal status in healthy women during the normal menstrual cycle.

Knowledge of osteoporosis prophylaxis and health behaviours of the population of chosen countries of the world.

Introduction: Osteoporosis is recognized by the World Health Organization as a disease associated with the progress of civilization, also called the 'epidemic of the 21 st century'.

Objective: An attempt to portray the level of knowledge and health behaviours of societies of selected countries of the world in the prevention of osteoporosis, based on available studies.

Materials And Method: Theoretical concepts and reviews of current published studies.

Stress, coping styles and personality tendencies of medical students of urban and rural origin.

Introduction: The problem of high levels of stress among medical students is a real problem and its prevalence and mechanisms have not yet been fully explored. It was found that there are only a few publications concerning the influence of urban and rural settings of the medical students in relation to stress, coping styles and personality tendencies.

Aim: Analysis of the coping mechanisms and personality types of medical students of rural and urban origin based on the survey of the students of the Medical University in Lublin (MUL), south-east Poland.

The influence of passive and active moral training on medical university on changes of students' moral competence index - results from randomized single blinded trial.

Introduction And Objectives: Human's life as well as medical professions consist of many moral dilemmas. The aim of our study was to evaluate moral competences of midwifery students during their whole university education (3 year course) based on their moral competences C-index.

Material And Method: We performed randomized single blinded 3-year follow-up trial of 72 midwifery students.

Diagnostic methods of TSH in thyroid screening tests.

Introduction: Reliable and quick thyreologic diagnostics, as well as verification of the effectiveness of the therapy undertaken, is of great importance for the state of health of society. The measurement of plasma TSH is the commonly accepted and most sensitive screening test for primary thyroid disorders, which are the most frequent diseases related to the endocrine glands. At present, the available methods for the determination of TSH are characterized by high sensitivity ≤0.

Wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) in rural and urban inhabitants in south-eastern Poland.

Objective: Evaluation of the demographic profile of patients from south-eastern Poland treated due to wet age-related macular degeneration.

Material And Methods: Data concerning 201 patients were analyzed (133 F/ 68 M), aged from 50 -91, (mean age 76 ± 8.6), with the wet form of age-related macular degeneration treated by intravitreal injections of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibiting drugs.

Is there the gap in public health literature in Europe?

Introduction And Objective: The growing expectations for the effectiveness of public health increase the demand for scientific literature, concerning research, reviews and other forms of information. The bibliographic databases are of crucial importance for researchers and policy makers. The objective of this study is to estimate the supply of scientific literature related to public health in selected European countries, which are available to a wide range of users.

Risk factors of postural defects in children at school age.

Introduction And Objective: Postural defects increasingly more often concern children and adolescents at school age. The lack of prophylaxis and neglecting adequate procedures may lead to limitations of physical and motor abilities, back pain, or the development of severe spinal deformities. Recognition of the risk factors conducive to the occurrence of the disorder allows the creation of adequate conditions for the psychomotor development of children, as well as the elaboration and implementation of specified educational schemes directed at schools and parents.

New cases of suspected HFRS (Hantavirus infection) in south-eastern Poland.

Introduction: HFRS--hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, found in Europe, is an acute viral zoonosis due to the hantavirus infection. The disease is characterized by the triad of symptoms: sudden, febrile onset, acute renal failure and haemorrhagic diathesis. The range of hantavirus infections in humans has not been yet established on the territory of Poland.

Selected aspects of a professional doctor-patient communication--education and practice.

Background: In the work of a physician, not only knowledge, and professional skills (technical/hard) are important, but also psychosocial skills (relational/soft).

Objectives: The primary goal of the presented research was evaluation of the level (study of the state) of communication competences of physicians and determination of the factors on which this level depends. An additional goal was analysis of the needs and educational possibilities within the existing models of education in the area of interpersonal communication provided in Medical Universities in Poland.

Professional communication competences of paramedics--practical and educational perspectives.

Introduction: Dissonance between the high 'technical' competences of medical professionals, including paramedics or emergency medical technicians (EMT), and the relatively low level of patient satisfaction with care received, is a phenomenon observed in many countries. Many studies show that it occurs in the case of an inadequate interpersonal communication between medical professionals and patients. The primary goal of the presented research was evaluation of the level (study of the state) of communication competences of paramedics, and determination of the factors on which this level depends.

Professional communication competences of physiotherapists -- practice and educational perspectives.

Background: Dissonance between the high 'technical' competences of medical professionals, including physiotherapists, and the relatively low level of patient satisfaction with care received is a phenomenon observed in many countries. Many studies show that it occurs in the case of an inadequate interpersonal communication between medical professionals and patients.

Objectives: The primary goal of the presented research was evaluation of the level (study of the state) of communication competences of physiotherapists, and determination of the factors on which this level depends.

Professional communication competences of nurses -- a review of current practice and educational problems.

Background: A dissonance between high 'technical' professionalism of nurses and a relatively low level of patient satisfaction with received care is a phenomenon observed in many countries.

Method: Theoretical concept and review of current published studies.

Discussion: Most reviewed studies show that a low level of patient satisfaction occurs in the case of an inadequate interpersonal communication between nurses and patients.

[The need of prenatal public health initiatives in Poland].

The author emphasizes the achievements of the Polish Gynecological Society in the field of improving the health indicators concerning perinatal mortality among infants during the last two decades in Poland. Attention is paid to the contribution of the members of the Society to organizational change in Polish health care after 1990, which resulted in the improvement of the care of mother and child. It is also underlined that the members of the Society contributed to the creation of early detection system of breast and cervical cancer in Poland.

Change of situation of a family with a child treated due to scoliosis.

Introduction And Objective: Scoliosis is a serious clinical problem which requires a systematic physical therapy and control of body balance - treatment from the moment of achieving skeletal maturity by a child. In the situation of neglect of such a management, the deformation of the spine often requires surgical intervention. The role of parents in the process of treatment of a child is undeniable.

Professional communication competences of nurses.

Introduction: Dissonance between the high 'technical' professionalism of nurses and the relatively low level of patient satisfaction with care received is a phenomenon observed in many countries. Many studies show that it occurs in the case of an inadequate interpersonal communication between nurses and patients.

Methods: Three basic scopes of communication competences were involved in the research process: a) motivation, b) knowledge, c) skills, and the following three methods were used: 1) documentation analysis (standards, plans and educational programmes); 2) diagnostic survey concerning professional communication competences of nurses in nursing care--a questionnaire form designed by the authors; 3) self-reported communication skills in nursing care--adjective check list.