In-Situ Coating of Iron with a Conducting Polymer, Polypyrrole, as a Promise for Corrosion Protection.

Iron microparticles were coated with polypyrrole in situ during the chemical oxidation of pyrrole with ammonium peroxydisulfate in aqueous medium. A series of hybrid organic/inorganic core-shell materials were prepared with 30-76 wt% iron content. Polypyrrole coating was revealed by scanning electron microscopy, and its molecular structure and completeness were proved by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies.

Method for polypyrrole coating, and the example of its use for functionalization of polyurethane anisotropic electrospun mats.

The coating of polymer substrate with polypyrrole, described herein with detailed know-how, represents a novel technique of surface functionalization. The choice of oxidizing agent and the polymerization time both affect the properties of the thin polypyrrole layer. The specific conductivity, free surface energy, thickness, topography, and FTIR spectra of polypyrrole layer were determined.

Zwitterionic oligomers of 3-aminobenzoic acid on screen-printed electrodes: structure, properties and forensic application.

The popularity and rapid spread of new psychoactive substances is why there is an urgent need for their fast monitoring in saliva in the field with electrodes modified with a selective receptor. Oligomers of electrochemically oxidized 3-aminobenzoic acid that are deposited on the surface of a graphite screen-printed electrode (o-3ABA/G/SPE) is proposed as a selector for the analyte of forensic interest. The oligomeric structure and existence of the zwitterionic form of o-3ABA on the G/SPE surface was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques.

Conducting and Magnetic Hybrid Polypyrrole/Nickel Composites and Their Application in Magnetorheology.

Hybrid organic/inorganic conducting and magnetic composites of core-shell type have been prepared by in-situ coating of nickel microparticles with polypyrrole. Three series of syntheses have been made. In the first, pyrrole was oxidised with ammonium peroxydisulfate in water in the presence of various amounts of nickel and the composites contained up to 83 wt% of this metal.

Carbonized Leather Waste with Deposited Polypyrrole Nanotubes: Conductivity and Dye Adsorption.

This paper reports the conversion of a waste to a conducting material, exploiting the ability to adsorb pollutant organic dyes. Leather waste was carbonized at 800 °C in an inert nitrogen atmosphere. The resulting biochar was used for in-situ deposition of polypyrrole nanotubes produced by the oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of methyl orange.

An Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Neuroblastoma Markers: Complexation Studies as a Tool for the Selection of a Suitable Receptor for Electrode Coating.

Homovanillate (HVA) and vanilmandelate (VMA) are recognized markers of diseases, including neuroblastoma. However, their detection in urine represents a challenging task due to the complexity of the matrix. Here, a design, synthesis and thorough investigation of polymerizable urea-based receptors interacting with HVA and VMA are reported.

Fabrication of polyaniline/poly(vinyl alcohol)/montmorillonite hybrid aerogels toward efficient adsorption of organic dye pollutants.

Fabrication of adsorbents with excellent adsorption capacity, outstanding stability, easy separation ability, excellent recyclability and widely generality for organic dyes removal from wastewater remains challenging. Herein, three-dimensional polyaniline/poly(vinyl alcohol)/montmorillonite (PANI/PVAL/MMT) hybrid aerogels with easy separation performance and highly effective reusable adsorption on both anionic and cationic dyes were fabricated by a simple in-situ polymerization method. As-prepared hybrid aerogels were characterized via infrared and Raman spectra, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectra mapping, small and wide-angle X-ray scattering, thermogravimetric analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry and elemental analysis.

Optimization of Electrochemical Visualization of Latent Fingerprints with Poly(Neutral Red) on Brass Surfaces.

This study is focused on the visualization of latent fingerprints on brass surfaces using the method of electrochemical deposition of a polymer film based on poly(neutral red) (PNR). The experiment included (i) optimization of conditions of electrochemical deposition of PNR on brass surfaces, (ii) ATR-FTIR spectroscopic characterization of PNR-modified substrates, and (iii) identification of characteristic details on visualized fingerprints on fired brass cartridges. For electrochemical visualization, it is necessary to keep in mind both kind and "story" substrates.

Pressure-Sensitive Conducting and Antibacterial Materials Obtained by Dispersion Coating of Macroporous Melamine Sponges with Polypyrrole.

Melamine sponges were coated with polypyrrole during the polymerization of pyrrole. The precipitation polymerization was compared with the dispersion mode, that is, with the preparation in the presence of poly(-vinylpyrrolidone) and nanosilica as colloidal stabilizers. The coating of sponges during the dispersion polymerization leads to the elimination of the undesired polypyrrole precipitate, improved conductivity, and increased specific surface area.

One-Dimensional Nanostructures of Polypyrrole for Shielding of Electromagnetic Interference in the Microwave Region.

Polypyrrole one-dimensional nanostructures (nanotubes, nanobelts and nanofibers) were prepared using three various dyes (Methyl Orange, Methylene Blue and Eriochrome Black T). Their high electrical conductivity (from 17.1 to 60.

Conducting polyaniline prepared in the solutions of formic acid: Does functionalization with carboxyl groups occur?

Polyaniline is a conducting polymer with an application potential in the field of biomedical engineering. By employing FTIR spectroscopy and conductivity measurements, it has been shown that the oxidation at stoichiometric peroxydisulfate-to-aniline mole ratio 1.25 in the solutions of formic acid in the range 0-10 M provides samples of a moderate conductivity of the orders 0.

Carbon Materials Derived from Poly(aniline---phenylenediamine) Cryogels.

Nitrogen-containing carbon derivatives were prepared by the carbonization of poly(aniline---phenylenediamine) cryogels in inert atmosphere. Lower aniline fraction in the comonomer mixture used for preparation of the cryogels led to the decrease of their thermal stability, a consequent increase of carbonization degree, and less defective structure of carbonized materials. The resulting carbonaceous products had up to 4 orders of magnitude higher specific surface area than their respective cryogel precursors, the highest value 931 m g being achieved for carbonized poly(-phenylenediamine) cryogel.

Thermally Induced Protonation of Conducting Polyaniline Film by Dibutyl Phosphite Conversion to Phosphate.

The blue thin polyaniline base film changes its color to green after immersion of the film into dibutyl phosphonate. The green color of the film converts to a greenish-blue after heating to 200 °C in air, which is characteristic for the protonated conducting form of polyaniline. This is in contrast to the "standard" polyaniline hydrochloride, which is transformed into a cross-linked polyaniline base under such conditions.

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Conducting Polypyrrole Nanotubes: Disordered Surface versus Ordered Body.

Polypyrrole nanotubes rank among the most conducting forms of organic semiconductors. They are prepared by the oxidation of pyrrole in the presence of methyl orange. Other organic dyes, viz.

Influence of non-thermal plasma on structural and electrical properties of globular and nanostructured conductive polymer polypyrrole in water suspension.

Non-thermal plasma has proved its benefits in medicine, plasma assisted polymerization, food industry and many other fields. Even though, the ability of non-thermal plasma to modify surface properties of various materials is generally known, only limited attention has been given to exploitations of this treatment on conductive polymers. Here, we show study of non-thermal plasma treatment on properties of globular and nanostructured polypyrrole in the distilled water.

Cell-compatible conducting polyaniline films prepared in colloidal dispersion mode.

Conducting polyaniline can be prepared and modified using several procedures, all of which can significantly influence its applicability in different fields of biomedicine or biotechnology. The modifications of surface properties are crucial with respect to the possible applications of this polymer in tissue engineering or as biosensors. Innovative technique for preparing polyaniline films via in-situ polymerization in colloidal dispersion mode using four stabilizers (poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone; sodium dodecylsulfate; Tween 20 and Pluronic F108) was developed.

Synthesis and characterization of new barium methylphosphonates.

Eight new barium methylphosphonates were prepared and described. In dependence on pH, either barium hydrogen methylphosphonates or barium methylphosphonates can be formed. In the case of barium methylphosphonates, BaCHPO·3HO crystallizes from the solution at room temperature and BaCHPO·HO at a temperature above 65 °C.

Polypyrrole Nanotubes and Their Carbonized Analogs: Synthesis, Characterization, Gas Sensing Properties.

Polypyrrole (PPy) in globular form and as nanotubes were prepared by the oxidation of pyrrole with iron(III) chloride in the absence and presence of methyl orange, respectively. They were subsequently converted to nitrogen-containing carbons at 650 °C in an inert atmosphere. The course of carbonization was followed by thermogravimetric analysis and the accompanying changes in molecular structure by Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopies.

Effect of O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin-modified magnetic nanoparticles on the uptake and extracellular level of l-glutamate in brain nerve terminals.

Changes in cholesterol concentration in the plasma membrane of presynaptic nerve terminals nonspecifically modulate glutamate transport and homeostasis in the central nervous system. Reduction of the cholesterol content in isolated rat brain nerve terminals (synaptosomes) using cholesterol-depleting agents decreases the glutamate uptake and increases the extracellular level of glutamate in nerve terminals. Extraction of cholesterol from the plasma membrane and its further removal from the synaptosomes by external magnetic field can be achieved by means of magnetic nanoparticles with immobilized cholesterol-depleting agent such as O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MCD).

Cotton Fabric Coated with Conducting Polymers and its Application in Monitoring of Carnivorous Plant Response.

The paper describes the electrical plant response to mechanical stimulation monitored with the help of conducting polymers deposited on cotton fabric. Cotton fabric was coated with conducting polymers, polyaniline or polypyrrole, in situ during the oxidation of respective monomers in aqueous medium. Thus, modified fabrics were again coated with polypyrrole or polyaniline, respectively, in order to investigate any synergetic effect between both polymers with respect to conductivity and its stability during repeated dry cleaning.

Spectroscopic study of the highly homogeneous polyaniline film formation on gold support.

The oxidation of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in the aqueous solution of acetic acid has two subsequent phases: the oxidation of the neutral aniline molecules at low acidity, which was followed by the oxidation of the anilinium cations after the acidity became higher. The final polyaniline film deposited on immersed surfaces is usually contaminated with semi-crystalline oligomers which precipitated during induction period from the reaction medium. To obtain a homogeneous film, which is important in the fabrication of many molecular electronic devices, we have studied the course of aniline oxidation in a view of new experimental evidence.

Blood coagulation and platelet adhesion on polyaniline films.

Polyaniline is a promising conducting polymer with still increasing application potential in biomedicine. Its surface modification can be an efficient way how to introduce desired functional groups and to control its properties while keeping the bulk characteristics of the material unchanged. The purpose of the study was to synthetize thin films of pristine conducting polyaniline hydrochloride, non-conducting polyaniline base and polyaniline modified with poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPSA) and investigate chosen parameters of their hemocompatibility.

In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy of Oligoaniline Intermediates Created under Alkaline Conditions.

The progress of the oxidation of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in an alkaline aqueous medium has been monitored in situ by attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The growth of the microspheres and of the film at the ATR crystal surface, as well as the changes proceeding in the surrounding aqueous medium, are reflected in the spectra. The evolution of the spectra and the changes in the molecular structure occurring during aniline oxidation in alkaline medium are discussed with the help of differential spectra.