Forces required to dynamize sliding screws in gamma nail and selfdynamizable internal fixator.

Background: Single limb support phase of the gait-cycle in patients who are treated for a pertrochanteric fracture is characterized by transversal loads acting on the lag screw, tending to block its dynamization. If the simultaneous axial force overcomes transversal loads of the sliding screw, the dynamization can still occur.

Methods: Biomechanical investigation was performed for three types of dynamic implants: Gamma Nail, and two types of Selfdynamizable Internal Fixators (SIF) - SIF-7 (containing two 7 mm non-cannulated sliding screws), and SIF-10 (containing one 10 mm cannulated sliding screw).

In Silico Optimization of Femoral Fixator Position and Configuration by Parametric CAD Model.

Structural analysis, based on the finite element method, and structural optimization, can help surgery planning or decrease the probability of fixator failure during bone healing. Structural optimization implies the creation of many finite element model instances, usually built using a computer-aided design (CAD) model of the bone-fixator assembly. The three most important features of such CAD models are: parameterization, robustness and bidirectional associativity with finite elements (FE) models.

Software Framework for the Creation and Application of Personalized Bone and Plate Implant Geometrical Models.

Computer-Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery (CAOS) defines a set of techniques that use computers and other devices for planning, guiding, and performing surgical interventions. The important components of CAOS are accurate geometrical models of human bones and plate implants, which can be used in preoperational planning or for surgical guiding during an intervention. Software framework which is introduced in this study is based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern, and it uses 3D models of bones and plate implants developed by the application of the Method of Anatomical Features (MAF).

Obtaining patient-specific point model of the human ilium bone in the case of incomplete volumetric data using the method of parametric regions.

In this paper, we present the methodology for determining the point model of the ilium bone in cases when volumetric data of the whole bone are not available. An extreme traumatic bone damage, osteoporosis, destruction of bone tissue by malignant bone tumors or the existence of only 2D medical image (X-ray) can be the reason for the lack of complete volumetric data. Points on the bone surface were defined at the curves that run through 26 previously defined parameters, at the edges of anteroposterior (A-P) and lateral projections and at the parts of the surface between some parameters.

Instrumental methods and techniques for structural and physicochemical characterization of biomaterials and bone tissue: A review.

A review of recent advances in instrumental methods and techniques for structural and physicochemical characterization of biomaterials and bone tissue is presented in this paper. In recent years, biomaterials attracted great attention primarily because of the wide range of biomedical applications. This paper focuses on the practical aspects of instrumental methods and techniques that were most often applied (X-ray methods, vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (NMR and ESR), mass spectrometry (MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) in the structural investigation and physicochemical characterization of biomaterials and bone tissue.

The Parametric Model of the Human Mandible Coronoid Process Created by Method of Anatomical Features.

Geometrically accurate and anatomically correct 3D models of the human bones are of great importance for medical research and practice in orthopedics and surgery. These geometrical models can be created by the use of techniques which can be based on input geometrical data acquired from volumetric methods of scanning (e.g.

Distal tibial pilon fractures (AO/OTA type B, and C) treated with the external skeletal and minimal internal fixation method.

Background/aim: Distal tibial pilon fractures include extra-articular fractures of the tibial metaphysis and the more severe intra-articular tibial pilon fractures. There is no universal method for treating distal tibial pilon fractures. These fractures are treated by means of open reduction, internal fixation (ORIF) and external skeletal fixation.

Reverse modeling and solid free-form fabrication of sternum implant.

The paper presents a case where an implant for a part of the sternum (with costal cartilages) affected by cancer was created and implanted by using the specific reverse modeling method and solid free-form fabrication. The method provides surgeons with a fast and reliable tool for tissue engineering and implantation and therefore improves the quality of life for patients. Digital images of healthy sternum samples were used to develop a reverse modeling algorithm that semi-automatically generates a necessary and sufficient simplification of the tissue geometry to be fabricated in an inexpensive and applicable manner.