Penile and Testicular Incarceration with a Metal Foreign Body - Full Recovery of Erectile Function after 4 Days of Entrapment.

Penile incarceration with a foreign body is a rare urological emergency necessitating prompt intervention. We present a 59-year-old patient who entrapped penis and right testicle with metal thread reducer for sexual arousal four days prior to admission to Emergency room. Ultrasound revealed significantly reduced Color Doppler signal in right testicle and completely absent signal in penile artery.

PD-L1 expression in testicular germ cell tumors undergoing spontaneous regression.

Spontaneous regression of testicular germ cell tumors is a well-known phenomenon; however, the precise mechanisms of spontaneous regression are still unknown. Our study aimed to investigate programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in spontaneously regressed testicular germ cell tumors, exploring the link between the immune response and spontaneous regression. From a sample of 356 testicular germ cell tumors, we singled out 5 completely regressed and 6 partially regressed tumors.

COMPARISON OF GRADING ACCURACY OF PROSTATE CANCER IN SAMPLES ACQUIRED BY A TARGETED AND SYSTEMIC PROSTATE BIOPSY.

Introduction: All malignancies, including prostate cancer, require accurate diagnosing and staging before making a treatment decision. The introduction of targeted biopsies based on prostate MRI findings has raised prostate biopsy accuracy. Guided biopsies target the tumor itself during the biopsy instead of the most common tumor sites as is the case with a systemic biopsy.

CURRENT ROLE OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Diagnosis of prostate cancer poses a significant challenge, due to several different key parameters that need to be evaluated, such as age, history of prostate specific antigen (PSA), clinical examination and more recently magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The current diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer has resulted in overdiagnosis and overtreatment as well as underdiagnosis and missed diagnoses in many men.

cfDNA methylation in liquid biopsies as potential testicular seminoma biomarker.

Seminoma is a testicular tumor type, routinely diagnosed after orchidectomy. As cfDNA represents a source of minimally invasive seminoma patient management, this study aimed to investigate whether cfDNA methylation of six genes from liquid biopsies, have potential as novel seminoma biomarkers. cfDNA methylation from liquid biopsies was assessed by pyrosequencing and compared with healthy volunteers' samples.

REVIEW OF THE BLADDER CANCER MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION PROPOSED: A NEW ERA - NEW TAXONOMY.

The management of bladder cancer patients largely depends on pathologic staging and grading, and current morphological classification does not always show the individual patient's risk. Despite modern surgical techniques, pre- and postoperative therapies, clinical outcomes of these patients have not changed over decades. Today, there are new biomarkers for bladder cancer showing changes in tumor biology and progression, as a result of changes in the pathways affecting cell signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, epigenetic changes, angiogenesis, and modulation of host immune response.

CNV Hotspots in Testicular Seminoma Tissue and Seminal Plasma.

Seminoma (SE) is the most frequent type of testicular tumour, affecting predominantly young men. Early detection and diagnosis of SE could significantly improve life quality and reproductive health after diagnosis and treatment. Copy number variation (CNV) has already been associated with various cancers as well as SE.

New Insights into the Diagnosis, Molecular Taxonomy, and Treatment of Bladder Cancer.

This review aims to emphasize new insights into the diagnosis, classification, and therapy of bladder cancer (BC). Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous, complex disease on a morphological, molecular, diagnostic, and prognostic level. Cancer stage is still the most important attribute for prognosis and treatment, while early detection with optimal and rapid individual therapeutic and surveillance approach is crucial.

PROSTATE CANCER DIAGNOSIS IN 2019 - CHANGES IN EUROPEAN GUIDELINES AND IMPACT ON DAILY PRACTICE.

Changes in the diagnostic pathway for prostate cancer advised in the most recent Guidelines of the European Association of Urology bring many endeavors for everyday practice. Availability, costs and radiological expertise are still representing a challenge for the adoption of these guidelines in everyday clinical practice. In this article we discuss the current situation regarding these issues and future options.

Unfavorable Clinicopathological Features in Radical Prostatectomy Patients Who Were Spared Pelvic Lymphadenectomy.

Pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) during radical prostatectomy (RP) is the most accurate staging modality for lymph node assessment in patients with prostate cancer. It is recommended in all patients with intermediate or high-risk disease undergoing radical prostatectomy. The goal of our study was to assess unfavorable clinicopathological characteristics in patients with omitted lymphadenectomy (PLND) during radical prostatectomy based on the nomogram proposed by Briganti and colleagues.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Introduction of Mp-Mri Guided Biopsies in Croatia.

The objective of this study was to determine differential expression of TFF1, TFF2 and TFF3 genes and proteins in breast tumor subtypes. In addition, we investigated the correlation between TFF genes within tumor subgroups, and TFF genes with clinical and pathologic characteristics of the tumor. Study group included 122 patients with surgically removed breast tumors.

Diagnostic Value of Cognitive-Registration Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Guided Biopsy for the Detection of Prostate Cancer after Initial Negative Biopsy.

The aim of this prospective clinical study was to determine the detection rate of prostate cancers by multiparametric magnetic resonance and transrectal ultrasound (mpMRI-TRUS) cognitive fusion biopsies in patients with a previously negative TRUS-guided biopsy. Between 1 October 2016 and 1 July 2017, in 101 consecutive patients with elevated antigen (PSA) and/or positive digital rectal examination and after a negative first TRUS biopsy, a second, repeated prostate biopsy was performed. In 24 patients, cognitive fusion mpMRI-TRUS biopsy of the prostate with 8-10 system cores and 1-3 target biopsies was performed, in line with the European Association of Urology guidelines.

Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prostate Cancer Assessment.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance is assuming an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, initial assessment and monitoring of patients with prostate cancer. This paper offers a more complex insight into the application of magnetic resonance imaging with prostate cancer, with a current literature overview. The focus is on the problem of initial prostate cancer evaluation which strongly affects further decision-making and therapeutic interventions.

20 Years of the Reference Center for Prostate Tumors of the Ministry Of Health at the Department of Urology in Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center.

The Department of Urology at the Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center is the oldest urological institution in the Republic of Croatia and this part of Europe. Today, the Department is a modern tertiary healthcare institution, where the most complex methods of urological practice are performed using modern medical devices and highly sophisticated technology. In 2011, our urology specialist education program was certified by the European Board of Urology (EBU) as the only one of its kind in Croatia.

History of Urology at the Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center.

The history of Croatian urology clearly shows its affiliation to the medical and civilizational circle of the Western world. The Department of Urology at the Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center is the oldest urology institution in the Republic of Croatia. The Department was established in 1894, when the new Sestre milosrdnice Hospital was open in Vinogradska cesta in Zagreb.

CROATIAN UROLOGISTS' CLINICAL PRACTICE AND COMPLIANCE WITH GUIDELINES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NON-NEUROGENIC MALE LOWER URINARY TRACT SYMPTOMS.

The aim of this study was to assess the Croatian urologists' management of non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and their compliance with the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. A cross-sectional survey included 51/179 Croatian urologists. We developed a questionnaire with questions addressing compliance with EAU guidelines.

Validation of Epstein Biopsy Criteria for Insignificant Prostate Cancer in Contemporary Cohort of Croatian Patients.

Only few reports validated contemporary Epstein criteria for insignificant prostate cancer, and only one being from Europe. Patients with insignificant prostate cancer should be offered active surveillance and spared radical treatment. In our study we tested Epstein biopsy criteria for predicting unfavorable final pathology and biochemical relapse in low risk prostate cancer patients, who were eligible for active surveillance but where treated with radical prostatectomy.

Impact of Positive Surgical Margins after Radical Prostatectomy on Disease Progression and Adjuvant Treatment in Pathologically Localized Prostate Cancer.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of margin positivity in clinically and pathologically localized prostate cancer (pT2) after radical prostatectomy on biochemical recurrence and time to adjuvant treatment. We analyzed data from 371 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. At the mean follow up of 36 (25-54) months, impact of margin positivity in pT2 patients on prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence and time to introduction of adjuvant treatment was noted.

Biopsy Quantitative Patohistology and Seral Values of Prostate Specific Antigen-Alpha (1) Antichymotrypsine Complex in Prediction of Adverse Pathology Findings after Radical Prostatectomy.

In this prospective study we examined the utility of parameters obtained on prostate needle biopsy and prostate specific antigen-alpha(1)-antichymotripsine complex (PSA-ACT) to predict adverse pathologic findings after radical prostatectomy. 45 consecutive patients assigned for radical prostatectomy due to clinically localized prostate cancer were included in the study. Prostate biopsy parameters such as number of positive cores, the greatest percentage of tumor in the positive cores, Gleason score, perineural invasion, unilaterality or bilaterality of the tumor were recorded.

Renal adenocarcinoma presenting as a spontaneous perirenal hematoma in a patient on warfarin therapy--case report and literature review.

We are presenting a rare case of a spontaneous extensive perirenal hematoma caused by ruptured renal adenocarcinoma in a patient who was on warfarin therapy because she had atrial fibrillation and three myocardial infarctions. A 77-year-old woman was admitted to our department with acute right flank pain and hemorrhagic shock. The anamnestic data revealed no trauma and hematuria.