The fungus Acremonium alternatum enhances salt stress tolerance by regulating host redox homeostasis and phytohormone signaling.

While endophytic fungi offer promising avenues for bolstering plant resilience against abiotic stressors, the molecular mechanisms behind this biofortification remain largely unknown. This study employed a multifaceted approach, combining plant physiology, proteomic, metabolomic, and targeted hormonal analyses to illuminate the early response of Brassica napus to Acremonium alternatum during the nascent stages of their interaction. Notably, under optimal growth conditions, the initial reaction to fungus was relatively subtle, with no visible alterations in plant phenotype and only minor impacts on the proteome and metabolome.

Zinc effects on bacteria: insights from by multi-omics approach.

A long-term exposure of bacteria to zinc oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles leads to major alterations in bacterial morphology and physiology. These included biochemical and physiological processes promoting the emergence of strains with multi-drug resistance and virulence traits. After the removal of zinc pressure, bacterial phenotype reversed back to the original state; however, certain changes at the genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic level remained.

Salicylic Acid Treatment and Its Effect on Seed Yield and Seed Molecular Composition of under Abiotic Stress.

The reproductive stage of plant development has the most critical impact on yield. Flowering is highly sensitive to abiotic stress, and increasing temperatures and drought harm crop yields. Salicylic acid is a phytohormone that regulates flowering and promotes stress resilience in plants.

Environmental impacts on barley grain composition and longevity.

To counter projected reductions in yields of the major crop barley, it is essential to elucidate the mechanisms of its resilience. To assist such efforts, we collected grains from plants grown in fields at 12 testing stations, with suitable temperature and precipitation gradients for identifying environmentally induced changes in their protein and metabolite contents. We then subjected the grains to detailed molecular analysis.

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Flax ( L.) Tolerance to Cadmium: A Case Study of Proteome and Metabolome of Four Different Flax Genotypes.

Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metal pollutants, and its accumulation in the soil is harmful to agriculture. Plants have a higher cadmium tolerance than animals, and some species can be used for phytoremediation. Flax ( L.

Defense mechanisms promoting tolerance to aggressive species in hybrid poplar.

Poplars are among the fastest-growing trees and significant resources in agriculture and forestry. However, rapid growth requires a large water consumption, and irrigation water provides a natural means for pathogen spread. That includes members of spp.

Cytokinin modulates the metabolic network of sulfur and glutathione.

The phytohormone cytokinin is implicated in a range of growth, developmental, and defense processes. A growing body of evidence supports a crosstalk between cytokinin and nutrient signaling pathways, such as nitrate availability. Cytokinin signaling regulates sulfur-responsive gene expression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and their impact on sulfur-containing metabolites have not been systematically explored.

Type-A response regulators negatively mediate heat stress response by altering redox homeostasis in Arabidopsis.

Besides the long-standing role of cytokinins (CKs) as growth regulators, their current positioning at the interface of development and stress responses is coming into recognition. The current evidence suggests the notion that CKs are involved in heat stress response (HSR), however, the role of CK signaling components is still elusive. In this study, we have identified a role of the CK signaling components type-A Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) in HSR in Arabidopsis.

Cytokinin Deficiency Alters Leaf Proteome and Metabolome during Effector-Triggered Immunity in Plants.

The involvement of cytokinins (CK) in biotic stresses has been recognized, while knowledge regarding the effects of CK deficiency on plant response against pathogens is less abundant. Thus, the purpose of this study was to reveal the effects of CK deficiency on proteomics and metabolomic responses of flg22-triggered immunity. We conducted a series of histochemical assays to investigate the activity of the downstream pathways caused by flg22, such as accumulation of ROS, induction of defence genes, and callose deposition, that occurred in transgenic lines overexpressing the 2 gene (2), which are therefore CK-deficient.

Interaction With Fungi Promotes the Accumulation of Specific Defense Molecules in Orchid Tubers and May Increase the Value of Tubers for Biotechnological and Medicinal Applications: The Case Study of Interaction Between sp. and .

Terrestrial orchids can form tubers, organs modified to store energy reserves. Tubers are an attractive source of nutrients, and salep, a flour made from dried orchid tubers, is the source of traditional beverages. Tubers also contain valuable secondary metabolites and are used in traditional medicine.

Differences in the Proteomic and Metabolomic Response of and During the Early Stages of Infection.

Rands is a cosmopolite pathogen of woody plants which during the last couple of centuries has spread all over the world from its center of origin in Southeast Asia. In contrast to Chinese cork oak ( Blume) forests native to Asia, which are generally healthy despite the presence of the pathogen, the populations of Cork oaks ( L.) in Europe have been severely decimated by .

Light Quality Modulates Plant Cold Response and Freezing Tolerance.

The cold acclimation process is regulated by many factors like ambient temperature, day length, light intensity, or hormonal status. Experiments with plants grown under different light quality conditions indicate that the plant response to cold is also a light-quality-dependent process. Here, the role of light quality in the cold response was studied in 1-month-old (Col-0) plants exposed for 1 week to 4°C at short-day conditions under white (100 and 20 μmol ms), blue, or red (20 μmol ms) light conditions.

Regulation of heat shock proteins 70 and their role in plant immunity.

Heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70s) are steadily gaining more attention in the field of plant biotic interactions. Though their regulation and activity in plants are much less well characterized than are those of their counterparts in mammals, accumulating evidence indicates that the role of HSP70-mediated defense mechanisms in plant cells is indispensable. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of HSP70 post-translational control in plants.

The Omics Hunt for Novel Molecular Markers of Resistance to .

Wild accessions are a treasured source of resistance against pathogens, including oomycete , causing late blight disease. Here, , , and the somatic hybrid between these two lines were analyzed, representing resistant, susceptible, and moderately resistant genotypes, respectively. Proteome and metabolome analyses showed that the infection had the highest impact on leaves of the resistant plant and indicated, among others, an extensive remodeling of the leaf lipidome.

Peptide-Based Identification of Isolates and Detection in Planta.

is arguably one of the most damaging genera of plant pathogens. This pathogen is well suited to transmission via the international plant trade, and globalization has been promoting its spread since the 19th century. Early detection is essential for reducing its economic and ecological impact.

Barley Root Proteome and Metabolome in Response to Cytokinin and Abiotic Stimuli.

Cytokinin is a phytohormone involved in the regulation of diverse developmental and physiological processes in plants. Its potential in biotechnology and for development of higher-yield and more resilient plants has been recognized, yet the molecular mechanisms behind its action are far from understood. In this report, the roots of barley seedlings were explored as a new source to reveal as yet unknown cytokinin-responsive proteins for crop improvement.

Arabidopsis Response to Inhibitor of Cytokinin Degradation INCYDE: Modulations of Cytokinin Signaling and Plant Proteome.

Cytokinins are multifaceted plant hormones that play crucial roles in plant interactions with the environment. Modulations in cytokinin metabolism and signaling have been successfully used for elevating plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressors. Here, we analyzed response to INhibitor of CYtokinin DEgradation (INCYDE), a potent inhibitor of cytokinin dehydrogenase.

Integrated Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Attack on Sweet Chestnut () Reveals Distinct Molecular Reprogramming Proximal to the Infection Site and Away from It.

is one of the most invasive tree pathogens that devastates wild and cultivated forests. Due to its wide host range, knowledge of the infection process at the molecular level is lacking for most of its tree hosts. To expand the repertoire of studied -woody plant interactions and identify molecular mechanisms that can facilitate discovery of novel ways to control its spread and damaging effects, we focused on the interaction between and sweet chestnut (), an economically important tree for the wood processing industry.

Eggplant Germination is Promoted by Hydrogen Peroxide and Temperature in an Independent but Overlapping Manner.

Hydrogen peroxide promotes seed germination, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are unclear. This study presents the results of eggplant () germination analyses conducted at two different temperatures and follows the effect of hydrogen peroxide treatment on seed germination and the seed proteome. Hydrogen peroxide was found to promote eggplant germination in a way not dissimilar to that of increased temperature stimuli.

Fractionation Techniques to Increase Plant Proteome Coverage: Combining Separation in Parallel at the Protein and the Peptide Level.

Peptide spectral libraries enable targeted identification and quantitation of low-abundance proteins in a complex plant proteome. Here we describe parallel protein and peptide fractionation techniques to improve plant proteome coverage and facilitate construction of spectral libraries.

Hydrogen Peroxide: Its Role in Plant Biology and Crosstalk with Signalling Networks.

Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is steadily gaining more attention in the field of molecular biology research. It is a major REDOX (reduction⁻oxidation reaction) metabolite and at high concentrations induces oxidative damage to biomolecules, which can culminate in cell death. However, at concentrations in the low nanomolar range, H₂O₂ acts as a signalling molecule and in many aspects, resembles phytohormones.