Molecular mechanisms of zinc oxide nanoparticles neurotoxicity.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are widely used in industry and biomedicine. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that ZnONPs exposure may possess toxic effects to a variety of tissues, including brain. Therefore, the objective of the present review was to summarize existing evidence on neurotoxic effects of ZnONPs and discuss the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Serum Mineral Levels in Dairy Cows Transiting from Feedlot to Pasture.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate trace element and minerals levels in the serum of cows transiting from diets consumed in feedlot or under grazing. A total of 30 healthy 5-6 years old cows of the Red Steppe breed were involved in the study. Blood samples were collected at the end of the feedlot period (end of April) and during the pasture period (end of June).

Serum and Hair Trace Element and Mineral Levels in Dairy Cows in Relation to Daily Milk Yield.

The objective of the present study was to assess hair and serum trace element and mineral levels in dairy cows in relation to daily milk yield. A total of 70 healthy 5-6-year-old Simmental cows were divided into two groups (n = 35) with high and low daily milk yield using median as a cut-off value. Hair and serum trace element and mineral content was evaluated using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry.

The total accumulation of heavy metals in body in connection with the dairy productivity of cows.

Monitoring of health status and metabolism of dairy cows is essential for modern milk production. At the current level of productivity of dairy cows, in addition to essential elements, increasing attention must be paid to controlling the exchange of toxic elements, a significant number of which belong to the category of heavy metals. In this regard, the objective of our research was to study the relationship of pools of heavy metals in the body of dairy cows, evaluated according to hair composition and elemental composition of blood serum and milk productivity of animals.

Speciation of Serum Copper and Zinc-Binding High- and Low-Molecular Mass Ligands in Dairy Cows Using HPLC-ICP-MS Technique.

The objective of the present study was assessment of the major copper and zinc species in dairy cow blood serum using a hybrid high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) technique. A total of seventeen 5-6-year-old female Simmental cows, cultivated in the Southern Ural region, were examined. Speciation of serum Cu and Zn was performed using chromatographic PerkinElmer Series 200 system equipped with Agilent Bio SEC-5 Column and docked with NexION 300D mass spectrometer.

Data on rumen and faeces microbiota profiles of Yakutian and Kalmyk cattle revealed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons.

It is known that the rumen microbiome directly or indirectly contributes to animal production, and may be a prospective target for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions [1]. At the same time, feed types and components of diet can influence the composition of the rumen microbiome [2,3]. Fluctuations in the composition of the digestive tract microbiota can alter the development, health, and productivity of cattle [4].

Elaboration of Screening Scales for Mental Development Problems Detection in Russian Preschool Children: Psychometric Approach.

Background: computer-based screenings are usually used for early detection of a child's mental development problems. However, there are no such screenings in Russia yet. This study aimed to elaborate scales for rapid monitoring of mental development of 3-year-olds.

Use of nanoscale metals in poultry diet as a mineral feed additive.

The research was aimed at studying the efficiency of a nanoscale alloy of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) to be used as a mineral additive for feeding broiler chickens, compared to inorganic and organic forms of these elements. Biochemical studies of the blood serum were performed using an automated analyzer. The mineral composition was determined by atomic emission and mass spectrometry (MS-ISP).

The total content of toxic elements in horsehair given the level of essential elements.

Elemental status of 214 mares aged 3-7 years from 11 breeds was studied: Arabian purebred (n = 20), Bashkir (n = 20), Kabarda (n = 20), Vyatka (n = 20), Tuva (n = 19), Yakutsk (n = 30), Mezenskaya (n = 20), Thoroughbred (n = 20), Akhal-Teke (n = 20), Russian trotter (n = 15), Soviet Heavy Draft (n = 10) bred in 13 regions of Russia. The research objective is to study the content of chemical elements in hair from the horse's mane, depending on the sum of toxic elements in animal hair expressed in moles. The elemental composition of the hair was defined by atomic emission and mass spectrometry (AES and MS).

The Reference Values of Hair Content of Trace Elements in Dairy Cows of Holstein Breed.

The objective of this study was to assess trace element content in hair of Holstein dairy cows bred in the Leningrad Region of Russia and to calculate the site-specific reference intervals. Hair content of arsenic, boron, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, iodine, lithium, manganese, lead, selenium, silicon, tin, strontium, vanadium, and zinc in 148 cows during first (n = 50), second (n = 48), and third (n = 50) lactation periods of life was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Dietary intake of trace elements corresponded to the adequate values according to national and international recommendations.

The content of toxic elements in hair of dairy cows as an indicator of productivity and elemental status of animals.

The study was conducted on a model of dairy cows of the Holstein breed. At the first stage of research, the elemental composition of cow hair was studied (n = 198). Based on this study, the percentile intervals of chemical elements concentrations in hair were established; values of 25 and 75 percentiles were determined, and they were considered as "physiological standard.

Assessment of the structural reorganization of liver and biochemical parameters of blood serum after introduction of zinc nanoparticles and its oxides.

The demand for nanoparticles of metals and their oxides in medicine and biology is indisputable. To ensure the safe use of the unique capabilities of nanostructures, in particular, essential metals and their oxides, and to further search for ways leveling side effects of toxic effects in biomedical applications, a multifaceted approach to the study of their properties is needed, primarily affecting the effects on the organism level. In this connection, the purpose of the present research was to study the effect of zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on structural reorganization of the liver and morpho-biochemical parameters of rat blood.

Assessment of Gender Effects and Reference Values of Mane Hair Trace Element Content in English Thoroughbred Horses (North Caucasus, Russia) Using ICP-DRC-MS.

The objective of the present study was assessment of gender differences in hair trace element content in English Thoroughbred horses (North Caucasus, Russia) using ICP-DRC-MS and calculation of the reference values. Trace element content in mane hair of 190 stallions and 94 mares (3-7 years old) bred in North Caucasus (Russia) was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Mane hair Co, Cr, Mn, Li, Si, and Sr levels in mares exceeded those in stallions by 77%, 63%, 64%, 42%, 39%, and 64%, respectively.

The content of essential and toxic elements in the hair of the mane of the trotter horses depending on their speed.

A study on the Russian trotting breeds was conducted to assess the impact of horses' sporting results and the degree of accumulation of chemical elements in the hair. In the first phase of the research, the elemental composition of the mane hair of trotter horses (n = 215) was studied. Based on these studies, percentile intervals for the distribution of concentrations of chemical elements in the hair have been established, and the values of 25 and 75 percentile adopted as a "physiological standard" have been defined.

Intestinal microbiome of broiler chickens after use of nanoparticles and metal salts.

The research included the study of influence of ultrafine particle preparations (nanoparticles of copper, zinc, iron, CuZn alloy) and metal salts (iron pyrophosphate, copper asparginate, zinc asparginate) on the composition of cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. Before adding the studied nanoparticles and metal salts to the diet, cecal microbiota of broiler chickens was represented by 76% Firmicutes taxon and 16% Bacteroidetes. Numerous among them were the bacteria of the taxa Anaerotruncus spp.

The Reference Intervals of Hair Trace Element Content in Hereford Cows and Heifers (Bos taurus).

The objective of the present study was to assess hair trace element content in Hereford heifers and cows (Bos taurus) living in South Ural region and calculate the site-specific reference intervals. Hair trace element content in 150 cows and heifers farmed in the Southern Urals of Russia was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. Dietary trace element content corresponded to the adequate values as estimated by recommendations of USSR State Agriculture Committee and U.

The effect of iron nanoparticles on performance of cognitive tasks in rats.

To assess the influence of 62.5 ± 0.6 nm iron nanoparticles on the status of central nervous system, a study was conducted on Wistar rats, which were subjected to abdominal injection of the studied nanoparticles at doses of 2 and 14 mg/kg.

[Comparative Sensitivity of the Luminescent Photobacterium phosphoreum, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis Strains to Toxic Effects of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials and Metal Nanoparticles].

A comparative analysis of the four commercially available and laboratory luminescent sensor strains to the toxic effect of 10 carbon-based nanomatherials (CBNs) and 10 metal nanoparticles (MNPs) was carried out in this study. The bioluminescence inhibition assays with marine Photobacterium phosphoreum and recombinant Escherichia coli strains were varied in minimal toxic concentrations and EC50 values but led to well correlated biotoxicity evaluation for the most active compounds were ranked as Cu > (MgO, CuO) > (fullerenol, graphene oxide). The novel sensor strain Bacillus subtilis EG 168-1 exhibited the highest sensitivity to CBNs and MNPs that increased significantly number of toxic compounds causing the bacterial bioluminescence inhibition effect.

Influence of zinc nanoparticles on survival of worms Eisenia fetida and taxonomic diversity of the gut microflora.

The study was conducted to examine the effect of zinc nanoparticles on survival of worms Eisenia fetida and composition of the gut microflora. Analysis of the survival data has shown that the introduction of high doses of the nanoparticles causes death of worms in the second group with 35 % mortality rate and activates protective mechanisms realized as mucous film. DNA from the worm guts was extracted and 16S metagenomic sequencing was fulfilled using MiSeq (Illumina).

Effective Treatment of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome with Platelet Microbicidal Protein in CBRB-Rb(8.17)1Iem Mice Model.

Skin and soft-tissue infections are among the most common infections. Staphylococcus aureus may cause a number of toxin-mediated diseases, including staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). The therapeutic efficacy of some antimicrobial peptides was recently evaluated in a mouse model of SSSS.

[Effect of thrombodefensins on the course of chronic staphylococci dermatitis on in vivo model].

Aim: Evaluate therapeutic effect of thrombodefensins (TD) on the course of chronic staphylococci dermatitis (CSD) in mice.

Materials And Methods: TD was obtained from human thrombocytes. 24 CBRB-Rb(8.

Assessment of morphological and functional changes in organs of rats after intramuscular introduction of iron nanoparticles and their agglomerates.

The research was performed on male Wistar rats based on assumptions that new microelement preparations containing metal nanoparticles and their agglomerates had potential. Morphological and functional changes in tissues in the injection site and dynamics of chemical element metabolism (25 indicators) in body were assessed after repeated intramuscular injections (total, 7) with preparation containing agglomerate of iron nanoparticles. As a result, iron depot was formed in myosymplasts of injection sites.

[MORPHO-FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE THYROID GLAND AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES].

The study was conducted on 15 male Wistar rats, which were injected intramuscularly with copper nanoparticle lyosols at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg body weight once a week for 3 months. Thyroid gland was removed 7 days after the last injection and was studied using histological, morphometric and immunohistochemical methods (demonstration of Ki-67 and caspase-3).

Evaluation of antitumor activity of platelet microbicidal protein on the model of transplanted breast cancer in CBRB-Rb(8.17)1Iem mice.

Breast cancer is the most common women's cancer in the world. There is considerable current interest in developing anticancer agents with a new mode of action because of the development of resistance by cancer cells towards current anticancer drugs. Mamalian cells have been shown to contain small, cationic, microbicidal peptides.

[Selenium content in meat and poultry in Orenburg region].

Selenium content in beef, pork and poultry from Orenburg Region has been investigated. Regions with low (beef < 112 mcg/kg, pork--about 200 mcg/kg, poultry < 127 mcg/kg), medium and high (beef > 300 mcg/kg; pork--about 600 mcg/kg; poultry--170-180 mcg/kg) selenium levels are indicated. Positive correlations between selenium content in meat and soil are demonstrated (beef/soil +0.