Morphological Features of the Ascending Aorta Remodeling and Activation of Regeneratory Potential in Intima when Forming Aneurysm.

In patients with an ascending aorta aneurysm, restructuring of all its layers and, first of all, the intima and media was revealed. The thickness of the intima was 79.3±63.

Temperature Measurements by Wavelength Modulation Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy with Logarithmic Conversion and 1 Signal Detection.

A new version of a sensor for temperature measurements in the case of strong laser intensity fluctuation was developed. It was based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) with wavelength modulation, logarithmic conversion of the absorption signal, and detection of the first harmonic of the modulation frequency. The efficiency of the technique was demonstrated under experimental conditions with excess multiplicative noise.

[Use of temporary arterial shunt in surgery of dissection of the aorta and brachiocephalic arteries].

Background: Unsolved problems of cerebral protection in operations on the aortic arch, especially in a combination with extension of dissection to the brachiocephalic arteries determine search for variants making it possible to carry out adequate cerebral perfusion.

Aim: To propose a new technique and initial experience of using cerebral perfusion through a temporary shunt from the basin of the left subclavian artery at the stage of prosthetic repair of brachiocephalic arteries.

Patients And Methods: At the Department of Reconstructive Surgery and Aortic Root of A.

[18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in the diagnosis of vascular graft infection].

Objective: To investigate diagnostic role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in patients with suspected vascular graft (VG) infection.

Material And Methods: A prospective analysis included data of 30 PET/CT examinations for suspected infection of aortic VG (=27) and bypass grafts (=3) after surgical treatment (median 48 months). In 77% (23/30) of cases, the diagnosis was initially «possible» (=11) or «rejected» (=12) in accordance with common diagnostic criteria.

Advanced Fiber-Coupled Diode Laser Sensor for Calibration-Free 1-WMS Determination of an Absorption Line Intensity.

A new scheme for a calibration-free diode laser absorption spectroscopy (DLAS) sensor for measuring the parameters of harsh zones is proposed. The key element of the scheme is a micro-prism retroreflector (MPRR). The MPRR facilitates an increase in the mechanical stability of the sensor and a decrease in the background thermal radiation in the hot areas of a tested zone.

Determination of the Maximum Temperature in a Non-Uniform Hot Zone by Line-of-Site Absorption Spectroscopy with a Single Diode Laser.

A new algorithm for the estimation of the maximum temperature in a non-uniform hot zone by a sensor based on absorption spectrometry with a diode laser is developed. The algorithm is based on the fitting of the absorption spectrum with a test molecule in a non-uniform zone by linear combination of two single temperature spectra simulated using spectroscopic databases. The proposed algorithm allows one to better estimate the maximum temperature of a non-uniform zone and can be useful if only the maximum temperature rather than a precise temperature profile is of primary interest.

[Changes in the diameter and length of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes in the dilated left ventricle of cardiac surgical patients].

Aim: to investigate changes in the diameter and length of hypertrophic cardiomyocytes (CMCs) in the dilated left ventricle (LV).

Subjects And Methods: Light microscopy, morphometry, and statistical analysis were used to investigate the status of the contractile apparatus and changes in the length, diameter of CHC and diameter of CMC nuclei, by using intraoperative dilated LV biopsy samples from 31 patients with valvular disorders and dilated cardiomyopathy. Morphological findings were compared with the clinical parameters of the patients.

Data Processing Algorithm for Diagnostics of Combustion Using Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometry.

A new algorithm for the evaluation of the integral line intensity for inferring the correct value for the temperature of a hot zone in the diagnostic of combustion by absorption spectroscopy with diode lasers is proposed. The algorithm is based not on the fitting of the baseline (BL) but on the expansion of the experimental and simulated spectra in a series of orthogonal polynomials, subtracting of the first three components of the expansion from both the experimental and simulated spectra, and fitting the spectra thus modified. The algorithm is tested in the numerical experiment by the simulation of the absorption spectra using a spectroscopic database, the addition of white noise, and the parabolic BL.

[DISORDERS OF LUNG FUNCTION IN THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD IN PATIENTS OPERATED ON THE ASCENDING AORTA WITH THE EXPANSION OF INTERVENTION ON THE AORTIC ARCH].

Precapillary artery--arterial (bronchial artery--pulmonay artery) anastomoses, come into play in cases where the locking artery open and alveoli washed arterialized blood. Normally, these anastomoses are closed. Intrapulmonary shunts carry blood supply acinar hinder extraordinary circumstances (chronic pulmonary embolism, surgery, occurring in cardiopulmonary bypass, when the flaw of blood through the Iungs is suspended for the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass).

[Cardiomyocyte structural rearrangement in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and valvular heart disease].

Light and electron microscopies were used to analyze cardiomyocyte structural changes in the dilated left ventricle in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and valvular heart diseases. The patients were found to have cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and ultrastructural rearrangement with a tissue-specific reduction. There was hypertrophic cardiomyocyte lengthening that continued after these cells stopped growing thicker, as well as occurred due to the loss of myofibrils, which increased during the cell rearrangement, and directly correlated with the lower ejection fraction and higher end-systolic volume of the left ventricle.

[Expert assessment of operations' complexity and its interrelationship with lethal outcomes and duration of treatment].

The aim of the work was to carry out expert assessment of complexity of operations and to study interrelationship of the average score of complexity of the interventions with lethal outcome and duration of treatment in the Intensive Care Unit (exemplified by comparison with the outcomes of operations on cardiac valves performed in 2009 in the setting of artificial circulation in adult patients). Complexity was assessed by a total of 13 cardiovascular surgeons specialized in operations aimed at correcting valve defects (4 of them were from the A. N.

[On the use of photoplasmodynamic method in treatment of suppurative wounds].

A new photoplasmodynamic method and Elektroton-Pulsar hardware system for its implementation are described. The method provides treatment of suppurative wounds by exposure of the infection focus to a gas mixture containing highly active components: O*, O2*, 1O2, O(, O3 traces + UV, etc. The exposure is performed using high-voltage electric discharges interacting with the initial ozone-containing gas mixture.

[Surgical treatment of prosthetic endocarditic of cardiac valves].

Results of surgical treatment of patients with cardiac valves prosthetic endocarditis are discussed. General hospital lethality was 15.4%.

[Present-day aspects of surgical treatment of mitral restenosis].

Tactical and technical features of treatment of patients with mitral restenosis are discussed. The results (surgical lethality was 6.41%) confirm the necessity of surgical treatment of mitral restenosis with artificial circulation.

[Left ventricle dilatational lesion. Problems of nosology, diagnostics, and treatment].

The article deals with the problem concerning the use of the term "specific cardiomyopathy", adopted by WHO in 1995, in cases of advanced left ventricle lesion in patients with valvular heart defects. The group of patients with dilated left ventricle cavity, related to acquired heart diseases, is rather heterogeneous and large in number, and includes about 50% of the patients who underwent an operation. In the authors' opinion, it is reasonable to divide them into the following main subgroups: patients with quickly regressing symptomatic left ventricle dilatation, resulting from volume overload; patients with valvular cardiomyopathy (the terminal stage of heart defect); patients with left ventricle dilatational lesion, typical of the intermediate stage with characteristic pathological remodeling and the disturbance of its segmental contractility.

[Results of the use of a graft with a monocusp in radical correction of Fallot's tetrad].

The article deals with the results of complex study of the effect of pulmonary insufficiency on intracardiac hemodynamics and function of the heart in the immediate and late-term periods after radical correction of Fallot's tetralogy. Answers are also given to questions concerning the expediency of the use and functional adequacy of a xeno-pericardial monocusp in the closure mechanism of the pulmonary artery valve. The study showed that massive pulmonary regurgitation has a negative effect on the functional condition of the right ventricle in late-term postoperative periods.

[Is it practical to assess the functional state of the heart based on the shape of the Starling curves in intensive care units?].

21 patients have been monitored after open heart surgery. Clinical and model analysis of the genesis of statistical interrelations between the cardiac index (CI) and left ventricular (Plv) and right ventricular (Prv) filling pressure has been performed. It has been shown that CI dependence on Prv or Plv is characteristic of the cardiac performance only in case CI variation is mainly associated with changes in the preload.

[Acute disorders of the blood circulation and cardiac insufficiency following open heart surgery].

General theoretical aspects (classification of circulatory disorders and heart failure) and results of research into specific subdivisions of cardiovascular and respiratory system pathology in cardiac surgical patients are discussed. The material is aggregated by the applied clinico-mathematical approach that has been developed and introduced into clinical practice in the recent 15 years at the Bakulev Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery. The extension of the clinico-mathematical approach onto the intraoperative control and analysis of the patients' status, assessment of the anaesthetic administration and cardioplegic protection is first overviewed.

[Investigation of the distribution of haptoglobin genotypes in human populations].

Distribution of haptoglobin genotypes in a number of population specimens of the main World regions is studied. New statistics permitting to reveal deviation from the Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium and its direction (towards either deficiency or excess of heterozygotes) are proposed. S-statistics, based on the model of selection against homozygotes, can be used for quantitative estimation of the deviation.