Montelukast prevents testes against ischemia-reperfusion injury through suppression of iNOS expression.

Objective: To elucidate the mechanism of a possible protective effect of montelukast against testicular ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.

Material And Methods: Fifty-one adult male Wistar-Albino rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups; sham + saline (S), sham + montelukast (M), I/R + S, I/R + S 30', I/R + M and I/R + M 30'. Saline or montelukast (10 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered 30 minutes prior to (S 30', M 30') and during detorsion (I/R + S, I/R + M) in the I/R groups.

Comparison of laparoscopic and open ureterolithotomy in impacted and very large ureteral stones.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of laparoscopic and open ureterolithotomy in patients with ureteral stones.

Materials And Methods: Patients who had undergone open or laparoscopic ureterolithotomy between 2001 and 2013 in our clinic were enrolled in the study.Ureterolithotomy was performed due to the following reasons: failure to position the patient for ureteroscopy, unreachable stone with ureteroscopy also use of balloon dilatation, high stone volume, and the need for removal of kidney stones at the same session.

"Snodgraft" technique for the treatment of primary distal hypospadias: pushing the envelope.

Purpose: "Snodgraft" modification has been proposed to reduce the risk of meatal/neourethral stenosis in distal hypospadias. We applied the Snodgraft technique by using inner preputial graft in primary distal hypospadias repair.

Materials And Methods: A total of 102 consecutive patients undergoing the Snodgraft procedure were prospectively studied between 2006 and 2011.

Revisiting the predictive factors for intra-operative complications of rigid ureteroscopy: a 15-year experience.

Purpose: To revise the predictive factors for intra-operative complications of rigid ureteroscopy in the treatment of ureteral calculi.

Materials And Methods: During a 15-year period (1993 to 2008), a total of 1496 consecutive patients who had undergone 1660 ureteroscopy procedures were retrospectively reviewed. After exclusion of the cases for diagnostic purposes, diseases other than ureteral calculi, and repeated ureteroscopy procedures, 1189 patients were left as the study population.

Twelve-year experience with Hinman-Allen syndrome at a single center.

Objective: To report the long-term follow-up results of patients with Hinman-Allen syndrome (HAS) at our institution.

Methods: The data from 22 children with HAS were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed up every 3-6 months with serial physical examinations, voiding charts, urine culture, postvoid residual urine volume determination, serum creatinine measurement, and urinary imaging.

Hyperoxaluria-induced tubular ischemia: the effects of verapamil and vitamin E on apoptotic changes with an emphasis on renal papilla in rat model.

An experimental study in rats was performed to evaluate the presence and the degree of both tubular apoptotic changes and crystallization at cortical, medullar and papillary regions of the kidney during hyperoxaluric phase and assess the possible protective effects of vitamin E and verapamil on these pathologic changes (particularly in papillary part of the affected kidneys). A total of 32 rats have been included into the study program. Hyperoxaluria was induced by continuous administration of ethylene glycol (0.

Emergency ureteroscopic removal of ureteral calculi after first colic attack: is there any advantage?

Objective: To comparatively evaluate the efficacy of ureteroscopic stone treatment immediately after the first colic attack and in an electively planned manner.

Methods: A total of 145 patients underwent semirigid ureteroscopic removal of obstructive ureteral calculi using 2 different approaches (group 1, 69 patients, and group 2, 76 patients). The 69 patients in group 1 were treated with appropriate medical therapy for a period of ≥7 days for colic pain and subsequently underwent either semirigid ureteroscopy or pneumatic lithotripsy in a planned manner.

Comparison of ureteroscopic procedures with rigid and semirigid ureteroscopes in pediatric population: does the caliber of instrument matter?

Objectives: To compare the results of two different ureteroscopes in pediatric ureteroscopy (URS) procedures.

Patients And Methods: Sixty-five consecutive URS procedures in pediatric population (39 males, 26 females) were retrospectively evaluated. The subjects were divided in two groups according to the type of ureteroscope used: Group 1 (n = 32, Wolf 8F) and group 2 (n = 33, ACMI 6.

Sixteen-slice multidetector computed tomographic virtual cystoscopy in the evaluation of a patient with suspected bladder tumor and history of bladder carcinoma operation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of virtual cystoscopy performed with multidetector computed tomography (CT) in patients with suspected bladder tumors and histories of bladder carcinoma operation.

Material And Methods: Thirty-six patients (29 men and 7 women) with a mean age of 66 years (range, 24-88 years) with suspected bladder tumors and histories of bladder carcinoma operation were included in this prospective study. Virtual cystoscopy was performed by 16-slice multidetector CT scanner.

Photoselective potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser vaporization versus transurethral resection of the prostate for prostates larger than 70 mL: a short-term prospective randomized trial.

Objectives: To compare the short term outcomes of photoselective vaporization (PVP) and transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for glands larger than 70 mL in a prospective randomized trial.

Methods: Seventy-six consecutive patients with enlarged prostatic adenomas of 70 to 100 mL were randomly assigned for surgical treatment with TURP (n = 37) or PVP (n = 39). International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores, maximum flow rates (Qmax), postvoid urine residues (PVR), and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) volumes were recorded.

A case of primary lymphoma of the bladder managed with multimodal therapy.

Background: A 65-year-old female patient presented to a urology department with macroscopic hematuria, dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency. One year previously, she had visited a urologist because of a 1-month history of hematuria, dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency. She had subsequently undergone successful, simultaneous surgeries for resection of a basal cell carcinoma of the nasal skin and lymphoma of the bladder.

Do lifestyle changes work for improving erectile dysfunction?

The main cause of erectile dysfunction (ED) is organic in nature, with vascular etiologies being the most common risk factors. Although there have been sufficient data on the relationship between ED and several well-recognized risk factors, including aging, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and pelvic surgeries, little attention has been paid by the urologists to the role of lifestyle factors in ED. However, accumulating data from basic science and clinical studies have determined a link between the occurrence of ED and a number of lifestyle factors, such as smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of sublingual or intramuscular piroxicam in the treatment of renal colic. A comparative study.

Aims: To investigate the therapeutic effect of the fast-dissolving dosage form (FDDF) of sublingual piroxicam on renal colic compared with the intramuscular (IM) injection form of the same agent in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Methods: 80 patients were assigned to one of two treatment groups: Group 1 received 40 mg piroxicam FDDF sublingual tablets and IM injection of 2 ml distilled water. Group 2 received an IM injection of 40 mg piroxicam and two sublingual tablets of placebo.

Healing of the urethral plate after deep incision: does catheterization change the course of this process?

Background: We aimed to evaluate the sequence of healing process as well as possible effects of stent placement on the healing process after deep urethral plate incision.

Methods: A deep urethral plate incision was done at the 12 o'clock position. After that, in the first group (n = 14) the anterior urethra was stented with a silicon catheter.

Sunitinib malate and sorafenib may be beneficial at the treatment of advanced bladder cancer due to their anti-angiogenic effects.

Due to the poor prognosis of advanced bladder carcinoma and the insufficient affects of the chemotherapy agents for this disease, the investigation of the novel genetic and pharmacologic agents including anti-angiogenic agents that can target pathway-specific molecules has been the subject of several publications especially for the last 2 years. Although the clinical trials of these agents are still lacking, the experimental and the preliminary studies are giving hope for the future treatment of advanced bladder carcinoma. Sunitinib malate and sorafenib are the novel food and drug administration (FDA) approved anti-angiogenic agents, which have recently been demonstrated to improve the progression-free survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

The learning curve in the training of percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Objectives: To investigate the learning curve in the training of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).

Methods: A total of 104 PCNL cases were included in this evaluation to define the learning curve of a surgeon with no previous experience at performing solo PCNL. Two parameters of expertise were reviewed, namely the operation and fluoroscopic screening times.

The risk of urolithiasis recurrence may be reduced with anti-nanobacterial therapy.

Urolithiasis is a common disorder responsible for serious human suffering and economic cost to society. Approximately 13% of men and 7% of women in the United States will be diagnosed with urolithiasis at some time in their lives with a recurrence rate of more than 50% in 5 years. Even if some risk factors are defined for stone formation, none of them can fully explain the etiopathogenesis.

Single stage Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy: a preferred alternative in the treatment of nonpalpable testes.

In this present study we aimed to discuss the surgical efficacy of single stage Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy (FSO) technique, with an emphasis on its practical and logical application that may be kept in mind during a standard orchidopexy procedure. Twenty-two children have undergone a single stage FSO procedure for nonpalpable testes during the last 9 years in our department. Surgical procedure was initiated with a standard inguinal oblique incision keeping in mind that depending on the position and the anatomic features of the testes a FSO method might be needed.

Operative failure during ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy: factors affecting successful outcome.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the predictive factors that would in turn indicate stone migration and the effects of these factors on the ultimate success of the intervention.

Method: Patients were divided into two groups with respect to the migration of the stone treated. Group I: patients demonstrating stone migration during manipulation; group II: no migration of the stones noted.

Accessory scrotum with multiple skeletal abnormalities.

Accessory scrotum is very uncommon. Here we report a 5-year old Caucasian boy presenting with an accessory scrotum localized to the left side of the pubic area. The penis and the primary scrotum were completely normal, containing two dependent testicles.

Testicular blood flow measurements and mean resistive index values after microsurgical and high ligation varicocelectomy.

Objectives: To compare the effects of the two most commonly used surgical methods in the management of varicocele disease, namely, microsurgery and high-ligation varicocelectomy, on testicular blood flow changes and mean residual index values in a prospective randomized study.

Methods: A total of 56 patients clinically diagnosed with varicocele were randomized into two groups: 28 were selected for high-ligation surgery and 28 for microsurgery. The testicular blood flow was evaluated in all patients before and 7 days after surgery, and the maximal flow velocity (Vmax), minimal flow velocity, and resistive index were measured.

Evaluation of bone mineral density after ileocystoplasty in children with and without myelomeningocele.

We evaluated the bone mineral density (BMD) after ileal augmentation cystoplasty in a group of children with and without myelomeningocele. Between 1996 and 2003, eight patients with neurogenic bladder and seven patients with non-neurogenic bladder underwent augmentation ileocystoplasty. Preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine and electrolytes were measured.