Skeletal involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease: Multimodality imaging features and association with the BRAF mutation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of skeletal involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) by using radiography, computed tomography (CT), F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), and bone scans, as well as looking for associations with the BRAF mutation.

Material And Methods: Prospective study of 50 consecutive patients with biopsy-confirmed ECD who had radiographs, CT, F-FDG PET/CT, and Tc-99m MDP bone scans. At least two experienced radiologists with expertise in the relevant imaging studies analyzed the images.

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Pulmonary Hypertension: 2022 Update.

Pulmonary hypertension may be idiopathic or related to a large variety of diseases. Various imaging examinations may be helpful in diagnosing and determining the etiology of pulmonary hypertension. Imaging examinations discussed in this document include chest radiography, ultrasound echocardiography, ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy, CT, MRI, right heart catheterization, and pulmonary angiography.

Ischemic Heart Disease: Noninvasive Imaging Techniques and Findings.

Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide and comprises a large proportion of annual health care expenditure. Management of ischemic heart disease is now best guided by the physiologic significance of coronary artery stenosis. Invasive coronary angiography is the standard for diagnosing coronary artery stenosis.

Pericardial Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasm.

Supplemental material is available for this article.

Cardiothoracic imaging findings of Proteus syndrome.

In this work, we sought to delineate the prevalence of cardiothoracic imaging findings of Proteus syndrome in a large cohort at our institution. Of 53 individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of Proteus syndrome at our institution from 10/2001 to 10/2019, 38 individuals (men, n = 23; average age = 24 years) underwent cardiothoracic imaging (routine chest CT, CT pulmonary angiography and/or cardiac MRI). All studies were retrospectively and independently reviewed by two fellowship-trained cardiothoracic readers.

Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography for differentiation of renal tumors in hereditary kidney cancer syndromes.

Purpose: To assess differences in FDG-PET/CT uptake among four subtypes of renal tumors: clear cell RCC (ccRCC), papillary type I and II RCC (pRCC), and oncocytoma.

Methods: This retrospective study investigated 33 patients with 98 hereditary renal tumors. Lesions greater than 1 cm and patients with a timeframe of less than 18 months between preoperative imaging and surgery were considered.

Arrhythmogenic left ventricular cardiomyopathy.

Arrhythmogenic ventricular cardiomyopathy (AVC) is a heritable heart muscle disorder characterized by fibrofatty infiltration of the myocardium. Intramyocardial fat deposition is considered arrhythmogenic and predisposes patients to life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The classic subtype of AVC is characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium ( arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy).

Augmented Radiologist Workflow Improves Report Value and Saves Time: A Potential Model for Implementation of Artificial Intelligence.

Rationale And Objectives: Our primary aim was to improve radiology reports by increasing concordance of target lesion measurements with oncology records using radiology preprocessors (RP). Faster notification of incidental actionable findings to referring clinicians and clinical radiologist exam interpretation time savings with RPs quantifying tumor burden were also assessed.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective quality improvement initiative, RPs annotated lesions before radiologist interpretation of CT exams.

Preoperative imaging for locoregional staging of bladder cancer.

Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer, expected to lead to an estimated 17,670 deaths in the United States in 2019. Clinical management and prognosis of bladder cancer mainly depend on the extent of locoregional disease, particularly whether bladder muscle is involved. Therefore, bladder cancer is often divided into superficial, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and muscle-invasive bladder cancer; the latter often prompts consideration for cystectomy.

Evaluation of incidental pelvic fluid in relation to physiological changes in healthy pubescent children using pelvic magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Peritoneal free fluid can indicate an underlying disease process; however detection of minimal peritoneal free fluid in healthy children is not uncommon.

Objective: To assess the significance of incidental peritoneal free fluid within healthy children by MRI and its relation to physiological changes during puberty.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was performed on 32 healthy volunteers (20 boys) between the ages of 8 years and 13 years, with consecutive follow-ups every 8-10 months for an average of 3 years.

Elevated allostatic load early in the course of schizophrenia.

Stress plays a significant role in schizophrenia from disease onset to exacerbation of psychotic symptoms. Allostatic load (AL) is a measure of cumulative stress to the organism. This study is an extension of our previous work on AL and its relationship to brain structures.

Clinical and Histopathologic Features of Interstitial Lung Disease in Erdheim⁻Chester Disease.

Limited information is available regarding interstitial lung disease (ILD) in Erdheim⁻Chester disease (ECD), a rare multisystemic non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Sixty-two biopsy-confirmed ECD patients were divided into those with no ILD (19.5%), minimal ILD (32%), mild ILD (29%), and moderate/severe ILD (19.

Thoracic involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease: computed tomography imaging findings and their association with the BRAF mutation.

Objectives: To investigate the computed tomography (CT) thoracic findings in Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) and evaluate the association of these findings with the BRAF mutation.

Methods: This was a prospective study of patients with ECD (n=61, men=46) who underwent thoracic CT imaging. CT examinations were independently interpreted by two experienced radiologists.

Abdominal involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD): MRI and CT imaging findings and their association with BRAF mutation.

Objectives: To use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) to define abdominal involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), and to investigate the association between these findings and the BRAF mutation.

Methods: This prospective study was performed on 61 ECD patients (46 men). The MRI and CT imaging studies were reviewed independently by two experienced radiologists.

Differentiating papillary type I RCC from clear cell RCC and oncocytoma: application of whole-lesion volumetric ADC measurement.

Purpose: To determine whether objective volumetric whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) distribution analysis improves upon the capabilities of conventional subjective small region-of-interest (ROI) ADC measurements for prediction of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtype.

Methods: This IRB-approved study retrospectively enrolled 55 patients (152 tumors). Diffusion-weighted imaging DWI was acquired at b values of 0, 250, and 800 s/mm on a 1.

Surface protein mutations in chronic hepatitis B patients who received hepatitis B vaccine therapy.

Objective S: The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between vaccine therapy and appearance of mutations in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients.

Materials And Methods: 16 patients received the HBV vaccine and another 16 individuals from the control group did not. The surface gene was amplified and directly sequenced from samples prior to vaccination and six months after the third dose.

Frequency of human papillomavirus infection in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Iranian patients.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is 1 of the possible aetiological factors in the development of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We aimed to study the role of HPV in ESCC. 140 cases of ESCC were analysed for the HPV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using GP5+/GP6+ primers for L1 open reading frame (ORF) to amplify a 150 bp segment of HPV L1 ORF.

Epidemiology of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus infecions in patients with beta-thalassemia in Iran: a multicenter study.

Background: Though regular blood transfusion improves the overall survival of patients with beta-thalassemia, it carries a definite risk of infection with blood-borne viruses. We carried out this multicenter study to provide epidemiologic data on hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among Iranian beta-thalassemic patients. Moreover, HCV infection-associated risk factors were investigated in this population.

Effect of oral naltrexone on pruritus in cholestatic patients.

Aim: To determine the efficacy and potential complications of oral naltrexone used in the treatment of pruritus in cholestatic patients and to compare them with other studies.

Methods: Thirty-four enrolled cholestatic patients complaining of pruritus were studied. In the initial phase, pruritus scores during day and night were evaluated.

Effects of indomethacin on viral replication markers in asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Objectives: Previous studies have suggested some benefits of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. We evaluated potential effects of indomethacin in asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).

Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked clinical trial.

Clinical and histological features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in Iranian patients.

Background: Although several studies have been performed on risk factors and natural course of NASH, it seems that NASH tends to be more than a disease confined to strict boundaries. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and paraclinical features and risk factors for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients in an Iranian population

Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed NASH who had elevated liver aminotransaminases, negative serologic markers of viral or autoimmune hepatitis and no findings in favor of metabolic liver disease were enrolled. A careful history was taken regarding alcohol intake.

The efficacy of furazolidone-based quadruple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in Iranian patients resistant to metronidazole-based quadruple therapy.

Background: Furazolidone has recently shown promising efficacy in H. pylori eradication and has replaced metronidazole in different eradication regimens especially in countries, like Iran, with high prevalence of metronidazole resistance and where clarithromycin is expensive and hardly available. This study tries to determine the efficacy of a quadruple therapy based on furazolidone as a second line treatment.