Regulatory Role of PFC Corticotropin-Releasing Factor System in Stress-Associated Depression Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Stress has a substantial role in formation of psychiatric disorders especially depression. Meanwhile, impairment of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is connected to the executive and cognitive deficits induced by the stress. Given the involvement of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in stress-related processes and knowing the fact that PFC hosts a lot of CRF receptors and CRF neurotransmissions, it can worth to look at the CRF as a potential treatment for the regulation of depression disorders induced by stress within PFC region.

Endocannabinoids and addiction memory: Relevance to methamphetamine/morphine abuse.

Aim: This review aims to summarise the role of endocannabinoid system (ECS), incluing cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous lipid ligands in the modulation of methamphetamine (METH)/morphine-induced memory impairments.

Methods: Here, we utilized the results from researches which have investigated regulatory role of ECS (including cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists) on METH/morphine-induced memory impairments.

Results: Among the neurotransmitters, glutamate and dopamine seem to play a critical role in association with the ECS to heal the drug-induced memory damages.

Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 in infralimbic cortex modulates social stress-altered decision-making.

Chronic stress could lead to a bias in behavioral strategies toward habits. However, it remains unclear which neuronal system modulates stress-induced behavioral abnormality during decision making. The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), which has been implicated in governing strategy choice, is involved in the response to stress.

Melanin-concentrating hormone in rat nucleus accumbens or lateral hypothalamus differentially impacts morphine and food seeking behaviors.

Background: Identifying neural substrates that are differentially affected by drugs of abuse and natural rewards is key to finding a target for an efficacious treatment for substance abuse. Melanin-concentrating hormone is a polypeptide with an inhibitory effect on the mesolimbic dopamine system. Here we test the hypothesis that melanin-concentrating hormone in the lateral hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens shell is differentially involved in the regulation of morphine and food-rewarded behaviors.

Intra-hippocampal administration of orexin receptor antagonists dose-dependently attenuates reinstatement of morphine seeking behavior in extinguished rats.

It has been shown that the hippocampus plays an essential role in the regulation of reward and memory as indicated by the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Morphine-induced CPP is a common method to consider motivational properties of morphine in animals. Recently, this model has been used in many laboratories to investigate neuronal mechanisms underlying reinstatement of morphine seeking induced by drug re-exposure.

Role of intra-accumbal orexin receptors in the acquisition of morphine-induced conditioned place preference in the rats.

Orexin receptor shave essential role in the induction of reward-related behaviors to several drugs of abuse. In the present study, we investigated the effects of bilateral administration of SB334867, as an orexin-1 receptor antagonist, and TCS OX2 29, as an orexin-2 receptor antagonist, into the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on the acquisition of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in the rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n=80; 220-250g) were entered in a CPP paradigm.