Enhancing spatial navigation skills in mild cognitive impairment patients: a usability study of a new version of ANTaging software.

Introduction: Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) often presents challenges related to spatial navigation and retention of spatial information. Navigating space involves intricate integration of bodily and environmental cues. Spatial memory is dependent on two distinct frame of reference systems for organizing this information: egocentric and allocentric frames of reference.

A Review of Significant European Foodborne Outbreaks in the Last Decade.

Abstract: Foodborne diseases remain a global public health challenge worldwide. The European surveillance system of multistate foodborne outbreaks integrates elements from public and animal health and the food chain for early detection, assessment, and control. This review includes descriptions of the significant outbreaks that occurred in Europe in the last decade.

Host-Dependent Clustering of Strains From Small Mammals in Finland.

Small mammals are known to carry spp.; however, little is known about the genotypes and their role in human infections. We studied intestinal content from small wild mammals collected in their natural habitats in Finland in 2010-2017, and in close proximity to 40 pig or cattle farms in 2017.

Whole genome sequencing and metagenomics for outbreak investigation, source attribution and risk assessment of food-borne microorganisms.

This Opinion considers the application of whole genome sequencing (WGS) and metagenomics for outbreak investigation, source attribution and risk assessment of food-borne pathogens. WGS offers the highest level of bacterial strain discrimination for food-borne outbreak investigation and source-attribution as well as potential for more precise hazard identification, thereby facilitating more targeted risk assessment and risk management. WGS improves linking of sporadic cases associated with different food products and geographical regions to a point source outbreak and can facilitate epidemiological investigations, allowing also the use of previously sequenced genomes.

Biofilm formation, virulence and antimicrobial resistance of different Campylobacter jejuni isolates from a poultry slaughterhouse.

The fastidious requirement of the zoonotic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni contrasts with its ability to overcome harsh conditions. Different strategies might be involved in the survival and persistence of C. jejuni through the poultry food chain.

Correction: Macroevolution of gastric Helicobacter species unveils interspecies admixture and time of divergence.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the presentation of the author Armin Ensser, which was incorrectly given as Ensser Armin. The correct author list is as follows.

Longitudinal Study of Shiga Toxin-Producing and on Finnish Dairy Farms and in Raw Milk.

Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) and are notable health hazards associated with the consumption of raw milk. These bacteria may colonize the intestines of asymptomatic cattle and enter bulk tank milk via fecal contamination during milking. We studied the frequency of STEC O157:H7 and contamination in tank milk ( = 785) and the in-line milk filters of milking machines ( = 631) versus the frequency of isolation from cattle feces ( = 257) on three Finnish dairy farms for 1 year.

Genetics behind the Biosynthesis of Nonulosonic Acid-Containing Lipooligosaccharides in Campylobacter coli.

and are the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. Ganglioside mimicry by lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is the triggering factor of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an acute polyneuropathy. Sialyltransferases from glycosyltransferase family 42 (GT-42) are essential for the expression of ganglioside mimics in Recently, two novel GT-42 genes, and , have been identified in Despite being present in ∼11% of currently available genomes, the biological role of and is unknown.

Population Genetics and Characterization of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Western Jackdaws and Game Birds in Finland.

Poultry are considered a major reservoir and source of human campylobacteriosis, but the roles of environmental reservoirs, including wild birds, have not been assessed in depth. In this study, we isolated and characterized from western jackdaws ( = 91, 43%), mallard ducks ( = 82, 76%), and pheasants ( = 9, 9%). Most of the western jackdaw and mallard duck isolates represented multilocus sequence typing (MLST) sequence types (STs) that diverged from those previously isolated from human patients and various animal species, whereas all pheasant isolates represented ST-19, a common ST among human patients and other hosts worldwide.

In silico proteomic and phylogenetic analysis of the outer membrane protein repertoire of gastric Helicobacter species.

Helicobacter (H.) pylori is an important risk factor for gastric malignancies worldwide. Its outer membrane proteome takes an important role in colonization of the human gastric mucosa.

Genome-wide identification of geographical segregated genetic markers in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium variant 4,[5],12:i:

Salmonella enterica ser. Typhimurium monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- has been associated with food-borne epidemics worldwide and swine appeared to be the main reservoir in most of the countries of isolation. However, the monomorphic nature of this serovar has, so far, hindered identification of the source due to expansion of clonal lineages in multiple hosts and food producing systems.

Macroevolution of gastric Helicobacter species unveils interspecies admixture and time of divergence.

Since the discovery of the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori, various other Helicobacter species have been identified in the stomach of domesticated and wild mammals. To better understand the evolutionary history of these ecologically similar but genetically distinct species, we analyzed 108 gastric Helicobacter genomes and included 54 enterohepatic Helicobacter genomes for comparison purposes. An admixture analysis supported the presence of an ecological barrier, preventing the genetic exchange between the gastric and enterohepatic Helicobacter species, and unraveled many gene flow events within and across species residing in the stomach.

chewBBACA: A complete suite for gene-by-gene schema creation and strain identification.

Gene-by-gene approaches are becoming increasingly popular in bacterial genomic epidemiology and outbreak detection. However, there is a lack of open-source scalable software for schema definition and allele calling for these methodologies. The chewBBACA suite was designed to assist users in the creation and evaluation of novel whole-genome or core-genome gene-by-gene typing schemas and subsequent allele calling in bacterial strains of interest.

Origin, evolution, and distribution of the molecular machinery for biosynthesis of sialylated lipooligosaccharide structures in Campylobacter coli.

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Additionally, C. jejuni is the most common bacterial etiological agent in the autoimmune Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS).

Complete Genome Sequence of the Hippuricase-Positive Type Strain LMG 24591.

is a thermotolerant species that has been isolated from poultry. was also the second hippuricase-positive species to be identified within Here, we present the genome sequence of the type strain LMG 24591 (=CCUG 56292), isolated in 2006 from a broiler chicken in Italy.

Evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic Helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs.

Helicobacter suis is the second most prevalent Helicobacter species in the stomach of humans suffering from gastric disease. This bacterium mainly inhabits the stomach of domesticated pigs, in which it causes gastric disease, but it appears to be absent in wild boars. Interestingly, it also colonizes the stomach of asymptomatic rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Type Strain LMG 24588.

is a thermotolerant species isolated from farmed rabbits (). Although is highly prevalent in rabbits farmed for human consumption, the pathogenicity of this organism in humans is still unknown. This study describes the whole-genome sequence of the type strain LMG 24588 (=CCUG 56289).

Campylobacter jejuni survival in a poultry processing plant environment.

Campylobacteriosis is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Consumption of poultry, especially chicken's meat is considered the most common route for human infection. The aim of this study was to determine if Campylobacter spp.

Monomorphic genotypes within a generalist lineage of show signs of global dispersion.

The decreased costs of genome sequencing have increased the capability to apply whole-genome sequencing to epidemiological surveillance of zoonotic However, knowledge of the genetic diversity of this bacteria is vital for inferring relatedness between epidemiologically linked isolates and a necessary prerequisite for correct application of this methodology. To address this issue in we investigated the spatial and temporal signals in the genomes of a major clonal complex and generalist lineage, ST-45 CC, by analysing the population structure and genealogy as well as applying genome-wide association analysis of 340 isolates from across Europe collected over a wide time range. The occurrence and strength of the geographical signal varied between sublineages and followed the clonal frame when present, while no evidence of a temporal signal was found.

Whole-Genome Sequencing in Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni Infections.

This review describes the current state of knowledge regarding the application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the epidemiology of , the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. We describe how WGS has increased our understanding of the evolutionary and epidemiological dynamics of this pathogen and how WGS has the potential to improve surveillance and outbreak detection. We have identified hurdles to the full implementation of WGS in public health settings.

The Helicobacter cinaedi antigen CAIP participates in atherosclerotic inflammation by promoting the differentiation of macrophages in foam cells.

Recent studies have shown that certain specific microbial infections participate in atherosclerosis by inducing inflammation and immune reactions, but how the pathogens implicated in this pathology trigger the host responses remains unknown. In this study we show that Helicobacter cinaedi (Hc) is a human pathogen linked to atherosclerosis development since at least 27% of sera from atherosclerotic patients specifically recognize a protein of the Hc proteome, that we named Cinaedi Atherosclerosis Inflammatory Protein (CAIP) (n = 71). CAIP appears to be implicated in this pathology because atheromatous plaques isolated from atherosclerotic patients are enriched in CAIP-specific T cells (10%) which, in turn, we show to drive a Th1 inflammation, an immunopathological response typically associated to atherosclerosis.

Large Sequence Diversity within the Biosynthesis Locus and Common Biochemical Features of Campylobacter coli Lipooligosaccharides.

Unlabelled: Despite the importance of lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) in the pathogenicity of campylobacteriosis, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of LOS in Campylobacter coli In this study, we investigated the distribution of LOS locus classes among a large collection of unrelated C. coli isolates sampled from several different host species. Furthermore, we paired C.

Functional genomics in Campylobacter coli identified a novel streptomycin resistance gene located in a hypervariable genomic region.

Numerous aminoglycoside resistance genes have been reported in Campylobacter spp. often resembling those from Gram-positive bacterial species and located in transferable genetic elements with other resistance genes. We discovered a new streptomycin (STR) resistance gene in Campylobactercoli showing 27-34 % amino acid identity to aminoglycoside 6-nucleotidyl-transferases described previously in Campylobacter.

Tracing isolates from domestic human Campylobacter jejuni infections to chicken slaughter batches and swimming water using whole-genome multilocus sequence typing.

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis and chicken is considered a major reservoir and source of human campylobacteriosis. In this study, we investigated temporally related Finnish human (n=95), chicken (n=83) and swimming water (n=20) C. jejuni isolates collected during the seasonal peak in 2012 using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole-genome MLST (wgMLST).

Chondroitinase AC: A host-associated genetic feature of Helicobacter bizzozeronii.

Investigating mechanisms involved in host adaptation is crucial to understand pathogen evolution. Helicobacter species appear to have a host species-specific tropism, coevolving with their natural hosts, and to develop several strategies allowing the colonization of the stomach throughout lifetime of their hosts. However, little is known about genetic features associated with the adaptation to a specific animal host.